Editing Mausolus (section)

=== Tyrannical reputation ===

Mausolus was not beloved by all his subjects. Mausolus appears as a stereotypical [[Despotism#Ancient Greek|despot]] or [[tyrant]] in the accounts of contemporary Greeks. The [[Economics (Aristotle)|''Economics'']] attributed to [[Aristotle]] tells many stories about the injustice of his rule, in part because he needed to raise funds to pay tribute to the Achaemenid [[King of Kings#Achaemenid usage|Great King]].<ref name="Ps.-Ar. Oec. 1348a">{{cite book |last1=Pseudo-[[Aristotle]] |title=Economics |at=1348a |url=http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.01.0048%3Abook%3D2%3Asection%3D1348a}}</ref> He supposedly deceived the people of [[Mylasa]] by telling them that [[Artaxerxes II Memnon]] was about to attack the unwalled city; after the local elites gave much money to Mausolus so that he could build walls for Mylasa, he told them that omens prevented him from providing anything. The city was not attacked and Mausolus kept his citizens' funds.<ref name="Ps.-Ar. Oec. 1348a" /> [[Polyaenus]] tells a similar story about how he lied to his subjects that Artaxerxes threatened to take dominion; he showed them his treasures, which he would sell to keep it, and so his subjects willingly gave him an immense amount of goods, ignorant of his deception.<ref name="Polyaen. 7.23.1">{{cite book |last1=Polyaenus |title=Strategemata |at=7.23.1|author1-link=Polyaenus }}</ref>

Mausolus' hyparch Condalos was also authoritarian, according to the ''Economics''. While collecting money for Mausolus, Condalos noted that the people of [[Lycia]] wore their hair long, unlike the [[Carians]]. He told his Lycian subjects that Artaxerxes demanded hair to make wigs (προκομία) for [[Achaemenid Empire#Cavalry|his horses]]. Mausolus therefore demanded that the Lycians shave their heads and send him their hair. If the Lycians did not want to shave their heads, they could pay their Carian governors in money instead of hair, and Mausolus could buy hair from the Greeks instead. The entire thing was a sham. No hair was sent anywhere, but Condalos and Mausolus made a lot of money.<ref name="Ps.-Ar. Oec. 1348a" />

Not all of Mausolus' subjects accepted his authoritarian rule easily. A series of inscriptions from [[Iasos]] and [[Mylasa]] record how Mausolus punished nobles who conspired against him.<ref name="I.Iasos 1">{{cite book |last1=Blümel |first1=Wolfgang |title=Die Inschriften von Iasos |date=1985 |location=Bonn |at=1}}</ref><ref name="PHI Iasos 78">{{cite web |title=PHI Iasos 78 |url=https://inscriptions.packhum.org/text/258935?bookid=497&location=1682}}</ref><ref name="I.Mylasa 1">{{cite book |last1=Blümel |first1=Wolfgang |title=Die Inschriften von Mylasa, I. Inschriften der Stadt |date=1987 |location=Bonn |at=1}}</ref><ref name="PHI Mylasa 112">{{cite web |title=PHI Mylasa 112 |url=https://inscriptions.packhum.org/text/261041?bookid=512&location=1682}}</ref><ref name="I.Mylasa 2">{{cite book |last1=Blümel |first1=Wolfgang |title=Die Inschriften von Mylasa, I. Inschriften der Stadt |date=1987 |location=Bonn |at=2}}</ref><ref name="PHI Mylasa 113">{{cite web |title=PHI Mylasa 113 |url=https://inscriptions.packhum.org/text/261042?bookid=512&location=1682}}</ref><ref name="I.Mylasa 3">{{cite book |last1=Blümel |first1=Wolfgang |title=Die Inschriften von Mylasa, I. Inschriften der Stadt |date=1987 |location=Bonn |at=3}}</ref><ref name="PHI Mylasa 114">{{cite web |title=PHI Mylasa 114 |url=https://inscriptions.packhum.org/text/261043?bookid=512&location=1682}}</ref> The most dramatic is from 355/4 BCE, late in Mausolus' reign, when he survived an [[List of heads of state and government who survived assassination attempts|assassination attempt]] by disaffected subjects during the royal procession at the yearly festival at [[Labraunda]].<ref name="I.Mylasa 3" /><ref name="PHI Mylasa 114" /> A similar plot had been thwarted in Mylasa over a decade earlier (367/6 BCE).<ref name="I.Mylasa 1" /><ref name="PHI Mylasa 112" /> Alongside these attempts on Mausolus' life, he also punished a group of brothers who conspired to desecrate a statue of his father Hekatomnos in Mylasa (361/0 BCE).<ref name="I.Mylasa 2" /><ref name="PHI Mylasa 113" /> These same brothers were celebrated in Iasos, where the city granted them [[proxeny]] around this time, perhaps in defiance of Mausolus.<ref name="Fabiani 2013">{{cite book |last=Fabiani |first=Roberta|editor-last1=Brun |editor-first1=Patrice |editor-last2=Cavalier |editor-first2=Laurence |editor-last3=Konuk |editor-first3=Koray |editor-last4=Prost |editor-first4=Francis |title=Euploia. La Lycie et la Carie antiques. Actes du colloque de Bordeaux 5, 6, 7 novembre 2009 |date=2013 |publisher=Ausonius |location=Bordeaux |chapter=Iasos between Maussollos and Athens |pages=312–330 |chapter-url=https://www.academia.edu/5026480}}</ref> Nonetheless, Iasos still punished a series of unknown conspirators against Mausolus in the 360s BCE, putting their property to auction.<ref name="I.Iasos 1" /><ref name="PHI Iasos 78" />