Editing Mausoleum at Halicarnassus (section)

==Discovery and excavation==
[[File:An actress performs a play in front of 2 statues from the Mausoleum at Halicarnassus. Room 21, the British Museum, London.jpg|thumb|An actress performs a play in front of two statues from the Mausoleum at Halicarnassus. Room 21, the British Museum, London]]
In the 19th century, a British consul obtained several of the statues from Bodrum Castle; these now reside in the [[British Museum]]. In 1852, the British Museum sent the archaeologist [[Charles Thomas Newton]] to search for more remains of the Mausoleum. He had a difficult job. He did not know the exact location of the tomb, and the cost of buying up all the small parcels of land in the area to look for it would have been astronomical. Instead, Newton studied the accounts of ancient writers like [[Pliny the Elder|Pliny]] to obtain the approximate size and location of the memorial, then bought a plot of land in the most likely location. Digging down, Newton explored the surrounding area through tunnels he dug under the surrounding plots. He was able to locate some walls, a staircase, and finally three of the corners of the foundation. With this knowledge, Newton was able to determine which plots of land he needed to buy.

Newton then excavated the site and found sections of the reliefs that decorated the wall of the building and portions of the stepped roof. Also discovered was a broken stone chariot wheel some {{convert|2|m|0|abbr=on}} in diameter, which came from the sculpture on the Mausoleum's roof. Finally, he found the statues of Mausolus and Artemisia that had stood at the pinnacle of the building. In October 1857, Newton carried blocks of marble from this site by {{HMS|Supply|1854|6}} and landed them in [[Malta]]. These blocks were used for the construction of a new dock in Malta for the [[Royal Navy]]. Today this dock is known as [[Dock No. 1]] in [[Cospicua]], but the building blocks are hidden from view, submerged in [[Dockyard Creek]] in the [[Grand Harbour]].<ref>{{cite news |last1=Busuttil |first1=Cynthia |title=Dock 1 made from ancient ruins? |url=http://www.timesofmalta.com/articles/view/20090726/local/dock-1-made-from-ancient-ruins.266812 |access-date=15 March 2015 |work=[[The Times (Malta)|The Times]] |date=26 July 2009}}</ref>

From 1966 to 1977, the Mausoleum was thoroughly researched by [[Kristian Jeppesen]] of [[Aarhus University]], Denmark. He has produced a six-volume monograph, ''The Maussolleion at Halikarnassos''.

The beauty of the Mausoleum was not only in the structure itself, but in the decorations and statues that adorned the outside at different levels on the podium and the roof: statues of people, lions, horses, and other animals in varying scales. The four Greek sculptors who carved the statues: Bryaxis, Leochares, Scopas and Timotheus were each responsible for one side. Because the statues were of people and animals, the Mausoleum holds a special place in history, as it was not dedicated to the gods of Ancient Greece.

Today, the massive castle of the [[Knights Hospitaller]] (Knights of St. John) still stands in Bodrum, and the polished stone and marble blocks of the Mausoleum can be spotted built into the walls of the structure. At the site of the Mausoleum, only the foundation remains, and a small museum. Some of the surviving sculptures at the British Museum include fragments of statues and many slabs of the frieze showing the [[Amazonomachy|battle between the Greeks and the Amazons]]. There the images of Mausolus and his queen watch over the few broken remains of the beautiful tomb she built for him.
<gallery widths="170px" heights="170px">
File:BM, GMR - RM21, Mausoleum of Halikarnassos.JPG|Reconstruction of the Amazonomachy can be seen in the left background. British Museum Room 21
File:Artemisia BM 1857.12-20.233 n01.jpg|Statue usually identified as Artemisia; reconstruction of the Amazonomachy can be seen in the left background. British Museum Room 21
File:Camera Pictures 032.jpg|This lion is among the few free-standing sculptures from the Mausoleum at the [[British Museum]].
</gallery>

<gallery widths="170px" heights="170px">
File:Slab of the Amazonomachy frieze from the Mausoleum at Halikarnassos, Mausoleum at Halicarnassus, British Museum (17333851139).jpg
File:Slab from the Amazonomachy frieze from the Mausoleum at Halikarnassos, British Museum (8245652708).jpg|Slab from the Amazonomachy believed to show Herculeas grabbing the hair of the Amazon Queen [[Hippolyta]].
File:Slab from the Amazonomachy frieze from the Mausoleum at Halikarnassos, Mausoleum at Halicarnassus, British Museum.jpg
File:Amazon Frieze BM GR1857.12-20.268-270.jpg
File:Amazones Halicarnassus.JPG
File:Slab of the Amazonomachy frieze from the Mausoleum at Halikarnassos, Mausoleum at Halicarnassus, British Museum (16897005133).jpg
File:Slab from the Amazonomachy frieze from the Mausoleum at Halikarnassos 03.jpg
File:Fragment from the marble Amazon frieze from the Mausoleum at Halicarnassus- part of an Amazon holding a battle-axe, Mausoleum at Halikarnassos, around 350 BC, British Museum (17492112751).jpg
File:Amazonomachy Halicarnassus BM n7.jpg
File:Amazonomachy Halicarnassus BM n6.jpg
File:Amazonomachy Halicarnassus BM n5.jpg
File:Amazonomachy Halicarnassus BM n4.jpg
File:Amazon Frieze BM GR 1865.7-23.1 n01.jpg
File:Slab from the Amazonomachy frieze from the Mausoleum at Halikarnassos, Mausoleum at Halicarnassus, British Museum (8244582231).jpg
File:Slab from the Amazonomachy frieze from the Mausoleum at Halikarnassos, Mausoleum at Halicarnassus, British Museum (8244586177).jpg
File:Slab from the Amazonomachy frieze from the Mausoleum at Halikarnassos, Mausoleum at Halicarnassus, British Museum (8244592181).jpg
File:Slab from the Amazonomachy frieze from the Mausoleum at Halikarnassos, Mausoleum at Halicarnassus, British Museum (8245667430).jpg
File:Mausoleo di alicarnasso, frammenti del fregio 04.JPG
</gallery>