Editing Mau Mau rebellion (section)

===State of emergency declared (October 1952)===
On 20 October 1952, Governor Baring signed an order declaring a [[state of emergency]]. Early the next morning, [[Operation Jock Scott]] was launched: the British carried out a mass-arrest of [[Jomo Kenyatta]] and 180 other alleged Mau Mau leaders within Nairobi.{{sfn|Anderson|2005|p=62}}<ref name="Elkins 2005 pp35-36">{{Harvnb|Elkins|2005|pp=35–36}}.</ref> Jock Scott did not decapitate the movement's leadership as hoped, since news of the impending operation was leaked. Thus, while the moderates on the wanted list awaited capture, the real militants, such as Dedan Kimathi and [[Stanley Mathenge]] (both later principal leaders of Mau Mau's forest armies), fled to the forests.{{sfn|Anderson|2005|p=63}}

The day after the round up, another prominent loyalist chief, Nderi, was hacked to pieces,{{sfn|Anderson|2005|p=68}} and a series of gruesome murders against settlers were committed throughout the months that followed.<ref name="Elkins 2005 p38">{{Harvnb|Elkins|2005|p=38}}.</ref> The violent and random nature of British tactics during the months after Jock Scott served merely to alienate ordinary Kikuyu and drive many of the wavering majority into Mau Mau's arms.{{sfn|Anderson|2005|p=69}} Three battalions of the [[King's African Rifles]] were recalled from Uganda, Tanganyika and Mauritius, giving the regiment five battalions in all in Kenya, a total of 3,000 native Kenyan troops.{{sfn|Anderson|2005|p=62}} To placate settler opinion, one [[battalion]] of British troops, from the [[Lancashire Fusiliers]], was also flown in from [[Egypt]] to Nairobi on the first day of Operation Jock Scott.{{sfn|Anderson|2005|pp=62–63}} In November 1952, Baring requested assistance from the [[MI5|MI5 Security Service]]. For the next year, the Service's A.M. MacDonald would reorganise the Special Branch of the Kenya Police, promote collaboration with Special Branches in adjacent territories, and oversee coordination of all intelligence activity "to secure the intelligence Government requires".<ref>{{Harvnb|Andrew|2009|pp=456–457}}.<br />See also: {{Harvnb|Walton|2013|pp=236–286}}.</ref>{{quote box
| quote = Our sources have produced nothing to indicate that Kenyatta, or his associates in the UK, are directly involved in Mau Mau activities, or that Kenyatta is essential to Mau Mau as a leader, or that he is in a position to direct its activities.<ref name="Andrew 2009 p454">{{Harvnb|Andrew|2009|p=454}}. See also the relevant footnote, n.96 of p.&nbsp;454.</ref>
| source = —[[Percy Sillitoe]], Director General of [[MI5]]<br />Letter to Evelyn Baring, 9 January 1953
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| sstyle = text-align: right;}}In January 1953, six of the most prominent detainees from Jock Scott, including Kenyatta, were put [[Kapenguria Six|on trial]], primarily to justify the declaration of the Emergency to critics in London.{{sfn|Anderson|2005| p=63}}<ref name="Elkins 2005 p39">{{Harvnb|Elkins|2005|p=39}}.</ref> The trial itself was claimed to have featured a suborned lead defence-witness, a bribed judge, and other serious violations of the [[right to a fair trial]].{{citation needed|date = September 2022}}

Native Kenyan political activity was permitted to resume at the end of the military phase of the Emergency.<ref name="Berman 1991 189">{{Harvnb|Berman|1991|p=189}}.</ref>