Editing Mary of Modena (section)

=== Reception at Louis XIV's court ===
[[File:Louis XIV of France.jpg|thumb|upright=1.3|[[Louis XIV of France]] in a portrait by [[Hyacinthe Rigaud]], 1701<ref name=FraserLoveandLouisXIV270 />|alt=Formal full-length portrait of Louis XIV wearing long curling black wig and state robes including a cloak embroidered with golden fleur de lys.]]
James was formally deposed on 11 December 1688 OS in England and on 11 May 1689 OS in Scotland, and his daughter Mary II and her husband, William III, were made joint monarchs.<ref>Harris, p. 325</ref> James, however, backed by Louis XIV of France, still considered himself king by [[Divine right of kings|divine right]], and maintained it was not within parliament's prerogative to depose a monarch.<ref>Starkey, p. 190</ref> Louis gave the exiled royal couple the use of [[Château de Saint-Germain-en-Laye]], where they set up a court-in-exile.<ref name=FraserLoveandLouisXIV270>Fraser, ''Love and Louis XIV'', p. 270</ref><ref name=Uglow523>Uglow, p. 523</ref>

Mary quickly became a popular fixture at Louis XIV's court at [[Versailles]], where diarist [[Madame de Sévigné]] acclaimed Mary for her "distinguished bearing and her quick wit".<ref name=FraserLoveandLouisXIV271 /> Questions of precedence, however, marred Mary's relations with Louis's daughter-in-law, [[Maria Anna Victoria of Bavaria]].<ref name=FraserLoveandLouisXIV271>Fraser, ''Love and Louis XIV'', p. 271</ref> Because Mary was accorded the privileges and rank of a queen, Maria Anna was outranked by her.<ref name=FraserLoveandLouisXIV271 /> Therefore, Maria Anna refused to see Mary, etiquette being a sensitive issue at Versailles.<ref>Fraser, ''Love and Louis XIV'', pp. 270–271</ref> In spite of this, Louis and his secret wife, [[Madame de Maintenon]], became close friends with Mary.<ref name=FraserLoveandLouisXIV271 /> As there was no queen at the French court, nor a dauphine after Maria Anna's death in 1690, Mary took precedence over all the female members of the French court and French royal house, as did her daughter in her capacity of a royal princess until the next French dauphine appeared in 1711.<ref>Edward T. Corp: [https://books.google.com/books?id=3oA9axPb_SIC&dq=dame+d%27honneur+court&pg=PA173 A Court in Exile: The Stuarts in France, 1689–1718] (2004)</ref> James was largely excluded from French court life. His contemporaries found him boring, and French courtiers frequently joked that "when one talks to him, one understands why he is here."<ref name=FraserLoveandLouisXIV271 /><ref>Oman, p. 148</ref> Mary gave birth to a daughter, [[Louisa Maria Teresa Stuart|Louise Mary]], in 1692.<ref name=FraserLoveandLouisXIV271 /> She was to be James and Mary's last child.

Initially supported by Irish Catholics in his effort to regain the thrones, James launched an expedition to Ireland in March 1689.<ref name=Fea235 /> He abandoned it upon his defeat at the [[Battle of the Boyne]] in 1690.<ref name=Fea235>Fea, p. 235</ref> During James's campaign, Mary supported his cause throughout the British Isles: she sent three French supply ships to [[Bantry Bay]] and £2,000 to Jacobite rebels in [[Dundee]].<ref>Oman, p. 158</ref> She financed those measures by selling her jewellery.<ref>Oman, pp. 158–159</ref> Money problems plagued the Stuart court-in-exile, despite a substantial pension from Louis XIV of 50,000 [[French livres|livres]].<ref name=FraserLoveandLouisXIV270 /> Mary tried her best to assist those of her husband's followers living in poverty, and encouraged her children to give part of their pocket money to Jacobite refugees.<ref>Oman, p. 173</ref><ref>Oman, p. 207</ref><ref>Haile, p. 357</ref>