Editing Marvel Comics (section)

=== Marvel Enterprises ===
In 1997, [[Toy Biz]] bought Marvel Entertainment Group to end the bankruptcy, forming a new corporation, [[Marvel Entertainment|Marvel Enterprises]].<ref name="NYT" /> With his business partner [[Avi Arad]], publisher [[Bill Jemas]], and editor-in-chief [[Bob Harras]], Toy Biz co-owner [[Isaac Perlmutter]] helped stabilize the comics line.<ref>{{cite book |title=Comic War: Marvel's Battle for Survival |author-link=Dan Raviv |first=Dan |last=Raviv |publisher=Heroes Books |year=2001 |isbn=978-0-7851-1606-6}}</ref>

In 1998, the company launched the imprint [[Marvel Knights]], taking place “with reduced [Marvel] continuity,” according to one history, with better production quality.<ref name="Newsarama" /> The imprint was helmed by soon-to-become editor-in-chief [[Joe Quesada]]; it featured tough, gritty stories showcasing such characters as the [[Daredevil (Marvel Comics character)|Daredevil]], the [[Inhumans]], and [[Black Panther (comics)|Black Panther]].<ref name=Newsarama>McMillan, Graeme. Page 10. [http://www.newsarama.com/15662-leaving-an-imprint-10-defunct-marvel-publishing-lines.html "Leaving an Imprint: 10 Defunct MARVEL Publishing Lines"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141012025607/http://www.newsarama.com/15662-leaving-an-imprint-10-defunct-marvel-publishing-lines.html |date=October 12, 2014 }}. ''Newsarama'' (January 10, 2013).</ref><ref name="VAJournal">Glaser, Brian. "Q+A: Joe Quesada". ''Visual Arts Journal''. School of Visual Arts. Fall 2011. pp. 50–55.</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Marnell |first=Blair |date=June 23, 2020 |title=The Legacy of Marvel Knights Black Panther |url=https://www.marvel.com/articles/comics/the-legacy-of-marvel-knights-black-panther |access-date=2024-06-13 |website=Marvel}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Dietsch |first=TJ |date=July 28, 2017 |title=Inhuman Nature: Marvel Knights |url=https://www.marvel.com/articles/comics/inhuman-nature-marvel-knights |access-date=2024-06-13 |website=Marvel}}</ref>

With the new millennium, Marvel Comics emerged from bankruptcy and again began diversifying its offerings. ''X-Force'' #116 ''[[X-Force (comic book)|X-Force]]'' #119 (October 2001) was the first Marvel Comics title since ''[[The Amazing Spider-Man (comic)|The Amazing Spider-Man]]'' #96–98 in 1971 to not have the [[Comics Code Authority]] (CCA) approval seal, due to the violence depicted in the issue. The CCA, which governed the content of American comic books, rejected the issue, requiring that changes be made. Instead, Marvel simply stopped submitting comics to the CCA.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Capitanio |first1=Adam |title=The Ages of the X-Men: Essays on the Children of the Atom in Changing Times |date=13 August 2014 |publisher=McFarland & Company |isbn=9780786472192 |editor-last=Darowski |editor-first=Joseph J. |location=Jefferson, North Carolina |page=158 |chapter=Race and Violence from the "Clear Line School": Bodies and the Celebrity Satire of ''X-Statix'' |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yKHyAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA158}}</ref><ref name="Newsarama2">{{cite news |last1=Ching |first1=Albert |date=18 January 2012 |title=Looking Back on X-FORCE and X-STATIX with Mike Allred |url=https://www.newsarama.com/8959-looking-back-on-x-force-and-x-statix-with-mike-allred.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140820004904/https://www.newsarama.com/8959-looking-back-on-x-force-and-x-statix-with-mike-allred.html |archive-date=August 20, 2014 |access-date=12 December 2019 |work=Newsarama}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=April 27, 2001 |title=X-Force #116 To Be Non-Code |url=https://icv2.com/articles/comics/view/338/x-force-116-to-be-non-code |access-date=2024-06-13 |website=[[ICv2]] |language=en}}</ref> It then established its own [[Marvel Rating System]] for comics.<ref>{{Cite web |date=May 8, 2001 |title=Marvel Considers the Comics Code |url=https://icv2.com/articles/comics/view/369/marvel-considers-comics-code |access-date=2024-06-13 |website=[[ICv2]] |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Walton |first=Michael |title=The Horror Comic Never Dies: A Grisly History |publisher=McFarland & Company, Inc |year=2019 |isbn=978-1-4766-7536-7 |location=Jefferson (North Carolina) |pages=158}}</ref> Marvel also created new [[Imprint (trade name)|imprints]], such as [[MAX (comics)|MAX]] (an explicit-content line)<ref>{{cite web |author=Rosemann |first=Bill |date=July 5, 2001 |title=Marvel's New Ratings System... Explained! |url=http://www.comicbookresources.com/?page=article&id=24 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121015205742/http://www.comicbookresources.com/?page=article&id=24 |archive-date=October 15, 2012 |access-date=February 8, 2011 |work=[[Comic Book Resources]] |type=[[Press release]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Harn |first=Darby |date=2022-05-24 |title=10 Best Marvel MAX Comic Books |url=https://screenrant.com/best-marvel-max-comic-books-punisher/ |access-date=2024-06-13 |website=ScreenRant |language=en}}</ref> and [[Marvel Adventures]] (developed for child audiences).<ref>{{Cite web |date=January 13, 2010 |title=Marvel Announces Spider-Man And Super Heroes All Ages Series |url=https://comicbook.com/news/marvel-announces-spider-man-and-super-heroes-all-ages-series/ |access-date=2024-06-13 |website=[[ComicBook.com]] |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite magazine |last=Lawson |first=Corrina |date=May 11, 2011 |title=Comic Spotlight on Marvel Adventures Thor |url=https://www.wired.com/2011/05/comic-spotlight-on-marvel-adventures-thor/ |access-date=2024-06-13 |magazine=Wired |language=en-US |issn=1059-1028}}</ref> The company also created an [[Multiverse|alternate universe]] imprint, [[Ultimate Marvel]], that allowed the company to [[reboot (continuity)|reboot]] its major titles by revising and updating its characters to introduce to a new generation.<ref name="secret">{{cite web |author=Abraham Riesman |date=May 25, 2015 |title=The Secret History of Ultimate Marvel, the Experiment That Changed Superheroes Forever |url=http://www.vulture.com/2015/05/secret-history-of-ultimate-marvel.html |access-date=July 26, 2017 |publisher=Vulture}}</ref>

Some of the company's properties were adapted into successful film franchises, such as the ''[[Men in Black (franchise)|Men in Black]]'' film series (which was based on a Malibu book), starting in 1997, the ''[[Blade (1998 film)|Blade]]'' film series, starting in 1998, the ''[[X-Men (film series)|X-Men]]'' film series, starting in 2000, and the highest grossing series, ''[[Spider-Man (2002 film)|Spider-Man]]'', beginning in 2002.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://boxofficemojo.com/franchises/chart/?id=marvelcomics.htm |title=Franchises: Marvel Comics |website=[[Box Office Mojo]] |access-date=April 27, 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120301183838/http://boxofficemojo.com/franchises/chart/?id=marvelcomics.htm |archive-date=March 1, 2012 |url-status=live }}</ref>

Marvel's ''[[Conan the Barbarian]]'' title was canceled in 1993 after 275 issues, while the ''Savage Sword of Conan'' magazine had lasted 235 issues. Marvel published additional titles including miniseries until 2000 for a total of 650 issues. Conan was picked up by [[Dark Horse Comics]] three years later.<ref name="bcnr"/>

In a cross-promotion, the November 1, 2006, episode of the CBS soap opera ''[[Guiding Light]]'', titled "She's a Marvel", featured the character Harley Davidson Cooper (played by [[Beth Ehlers]]) as a superheroine named the Guiding Light.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://marvel.com/news/comicstories.682.guiding_light |title=Guiding Light Comes to Comics! &#124; Marvel.com News |publisher=Marvel.com |access-date=April 27, 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100512190858/http://marvel.com/news/comicstories.682.guiding_light |archive-date=May 12, 2010 |url-status=dead}}</ref> The character's story continued in an eight-page backup feature, "A New Light", that appeared in several Marvel titles published November 1 and 8.<ref>{{cite news |author-link=George Gustines |last=Gustines |first=George |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2006/10/31/arts/television/31guid.html?_r=1&ref=arts |title=Pulpy TV and Soapy Comics Find a Lot to Agree On |work=The New York Times |date=October 31, 2006 |access-date=February 11, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180217083102/http://www.nytimes.com/2006/10/31/arts/television/31guid.html?_r=1&ref=arts |archive-date=February 17, 2018 |url-status=live }}</ref> Also that year, Marvel created a [[wiki]] on its Web site.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.marvel.com/universe/Main_Page |title=Marvel Universe wiki |publisher=Marvel.com |date=June 11, 2007 |access-date=April 27, 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100429142802/http://marvel.com/universe/Main_Page |archive-date=April 29, 2010 |url-status=live }}</ref>

[[File:Marvel Logo.svg|thumb|left|Marvel Comics logo introduced in 2008]]
In late 2007 the company launched ''[[Marvel Digital Comics Unlimited]]'', a digital archive of over 2,500 back issues available for viewing, for a monthly or annual subscription fee.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.usatoday.com/life/books/news/2007-11-12-comics-online-main_N.htm|author=Colton, David|title=Marvel Comics Shows Its Marvelous Colors in Online Archive|newspaper=[[USA Today]]|date=November 12, 2007|access-date=August 22, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111223200027/http://www.usatoday.com/life/books/news/2007-11-12-comics-online-main_N.htm|archive-date=December 23, 2011|url-status=live}}</ref> At the December 2007 the New York Anime Fest, the company announcement that [[Del Rey Manga]] would published two original English language Marvel manga books featuring the X-Men and Wolverine to hit the stands in spring 2009.<ref>{{cite news |last1=MacDonald |first1=Heidi |title=Marvel, Del Rey Team for Manga X-men |url=https://www.publishersweekly.com/pw/by-topic/new-titles/adult-announcements/article/17700-marvel-del-rey-team-for-manga-x-men.html |access-date=February 27, 2020 |work=Publishers Weekly |date=December 11, 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200228000138/https://www.publishersweekly.com/pw/by-topic/new-titles/adult-announcements/article/17700-marvel-del-rey-team-for-manga-x-men.html |archive-date=February 28, 2020 |url-status=live }}</ref>

In 2009 Marvel Comics closed its Open Submissions Policy, in which the company had accepted unsolicited samples from aspiring comic book artists, saying the time-consuming review process had produced no suitably professional work.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.newsarama.com/comics/090403-cebeulski-marvel-submissions.html |title=C.B. Cebulski on Marvel's Closed Open Submissions Policy |last=Doran |first=Michael |date=April 3, 2009 |publisher=[[Newsarama]] |access-date=April 5, 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090406105316/http://www.newsarama.com/comics/090403-cebeulski-marvel-submissions.html |archive-date=April 6, 2009 |url-status=live }}</ref> The same year, the company commemorated its 70th anniversary, dating to its inception as [[Timely Comics]], by issuing the one-shot ''[[Marvel Mystery Comics]] 70th Anniversary Special'' #1 and a variety of other special issues.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.comicbookbin.com/Marvel_Mystery_Comics_70th_Anniversary_Special_1.html|author=Frisk, Andy|title=''Marvel Mystery Comics 70th Anniversary Special'' #1 (review)|publisher=ComicBookBin|date=June 6, 2009|access-date=October 19, 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110812015010/http://www.comicbookbin.com/Marvel_Mystery_Comics_70th_Anniversary_Special_1.html|archive-date=August 12, 2011|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.comicbookresources.com/?page=article&id=22344 |title=Celebrate Marvel's 70th Anniversary with Your Local Comic Shop |publisher=Marvel Comics [[press release]] via [[Comic Book Resources]]|date=July 31, 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090803200600/http://www.comicbookresources.com/?page=article&id=22344 |archive-date=August 3, 2009 |url-status=live }}</ref>