Editing Martin Sheen (section)

==Activism==
Sheen has been active in numerous nonviolent acts of civil disobedience, and has been arrested 66 times demonstrating for numerous liberal causes.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thevintagenews.com/2019/04/04/martin-sheen/|title=How Martin Sheen Came to be the Most Arrested Man in Hollywood|date=April 4, 2019|author-first1=Samantha|author-last1=Flaum|website=The Vintage News}}</ref> Although he did not attend college, Sheen credited the [[Society of Mary (Marianists)|Marianists]] at [[University of Dayton]] as a major influence on his public activism, as well as [[Archbishop Desmond Tutu]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.huffingtonpost.ca/craig-and-marc-kielburger/martin-sheen-free-the-children_b_2447637.html |title=Star Power: Martin Sheen's Fight for Justice |first1=Craig |last1=Kielburger |first2=Marc |last2=Kielburger |date=October 1, 2013 |work=The Huffington Post |access-date=June 3, 2019}}</ref> Sheen is known for his outspoken support of [[Modern liberalism in the United States|liberal]] political causes, such as opposition to United States military actions and a hazardous-waste incinerator in [[East Liverpool, Ohio]]. Sheen has dismissed calls for him to run for office, saying: "There's no way that I could be the President. You can't have a [[pacifism|pacifist]] in the [[White House]].... I'm an actor. This is what I do for a living."<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.enquirer.com/columns/kiese/1999/10/17/jki_for_pacifist_martin.html |archive-url=https://archive.today/20120908045312/http://www.enquirer.com/columns/kiese/1999/10/17/jki_for_pacifist_martin.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=September 8, 2012 |title=For a pacifist, Martin Sheen plays a pretty good president |date=October 17, 1999 |newspaper=[[The Cincinnati Enquirer]]}}</ref> Sheen is an honorary [[trustee]] of the [[Dayton International Peace Museum]].

He supported the 1965 farm worker movement with [[Cesar Chavez]] in [[Delano, California]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.kmph.com/story/12800947/martin-sheen-urges-governor-to-support-farmworker-overtime-measure?redirected=true |title=Martin Sheen Urges Governor To Support Farmworker Overtime Measure |date=July 13, 2010 |website=[[KMPH-TV]] |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110927220426/http://www.kmph.com/story/12800947/martin-sheen-urges-governor-to-support-farmworker-overtime-measure?redirected=true |archive-date=September 27, 2011}}</ref> Sheen endorsed marches and walkouts called by the activist group [[BAMN|By Any Means Necessary]] (BAMN) to force the State of [[California]] to introduce a holiday in memory of Cesar Chavez. On the day of the protests (March 30), thousands of students, primarily Latino ones from California and elsewhere, walked out of school in support of the demand. Sheen has said he also participated in the large-scale immigration marches in [[Los Angeles]] in 2006 and 2007.<ref>{{cite AV media |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oK1-JdQ3m9E |title=Martin Sheen - March to MacArthur Park - Part 1 |date=May 18, 2007 |website=YouTube |access-date=March 7, 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131213230437/http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oK1-JdQ3m9E |archive-date=December 13, 2013 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite AV media |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nfTJqytx_JI |title=Martin Sheen - March to MacArthur Park - Part 2 |date=May 18, 2007 |website=YouTube |access-date=March 7, 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131213230819/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nfTJqytx_JI |archive-date=December 13, 2013 }}</ref>{{citation needed |date=March 2011}}

[[File:Martin Sheen meets Hiroshima bombing survivor.jpeg|thumb|Sheen with a [[Hiroshima bombing]] survivor, 1995]]

According to [[W. James Antle III]], writing in ''[[The American Conservative]]'', Sheen is a follower of the [[consistent life ethic]], which opposes [[abortion]], [[euthanasia]], [[capital punishment]] and [[war]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.theamericanconservative.com/articles/beyond-abortion/ |title=Beyond Abortion |first=W. James |last=Antle III |date=September 12, 2005 |work=[[The American Conservative]] |access-date=June 3, 2019}}</ref> Sheen articulated his view in an interview with ''[[The Progressive]]'': "I'm inclined to be against abortion of any life. But I am equally against the [[Capital punishment|death penalty]] or war." He also stated at the same occasion: "I personally am opposed to abortion, but I will not judge anybody else's right in that regard because I am not a woman and I could never face the actual reality of it."<ref name="progressive">{{cite web |url=http://www.progressive.org/mag_intvsheen |title=Martin Sheen Interview |first=David |last=Kupfer |date=July 1, 2003 |work=[[The Progressive]] |access-date=June 3, 2019}}</ref> He also supports the [[Democrats for Life of America]]'s [[Pregnant Women Support Act]].<ref name="PWSA">{{cite web |url=http://www.house.gov/lincolndavis/releaseseptember202006.htm |title=Davis Introduces Comprehensive Proposal to Reduce Abortions in America |date=September 20, 2006 |author=Rep. Lincoln Davis |access-date=January 24, 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070111160710/http://www.house.gov/lincolndavis/releaseseptember202006.htm |archive-date=January 11, 2007}}</ref>

Sheen starred in [[Jakov Sedlar]]'s religious drama ''[[Gospa]]'' in 1995. He also narrated several movies for the Croatian director during the 1990s.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Fisher |first1=Sharon |title=Political Change in Post-Communist Slovakia and Croatia: From Nationalist to Europeanist |date=September 3, 2006 |publisher=Springer |isbn=978-0-23060-088-1 |page=112 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PGuHDAAAQBAJ&pg=PA112}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Titles with Martin Sheen & Jakov Sedlar |url=https://www.imdb.com/search/title/?roles=nm0000640,nm0781341&title_type=feature,tv_episode,video,tv_movie,tv_special,mini_series,documentary,game,short |website=IMDb}}</ref>

Sheen and [[Paul Watson]] (from the non-profit environmental organization [[Sea Shepherd Conservation Society]]) were confronted on May 16, 1995, by a number of Canadian sealers in a hotel on [[Magdalen Islands]] over Sea Shepherd's history of attacks on sealing and whaling ships. Sheen negotiated with the sealers while Watson was escorted to the airport by police.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.seashepherd.org/seals/seals_sscs_history.html#newspaper |title=Seals SSCS History |website=Sea Shepherd Conservation Society |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061129180652/http://www.seashepherd.org/seals/seals_sscs_history.html#newspaper |archive-date=November 29, 2006}}</ref> Sheen became involved with [[gun control]] in 2000 after the [[National Shooting Sports Foundation]] hired his [[Conservatism in the United States|politically conservative]] brother, actor [[Joe Estevez]] who sounds like Sheen, to do a voice-over for a pro-gunmaker commercial earlier in the year.<ref name=SFC101000>{{cite news |url=http://www.sfgate.com/entertainment/article/I-m-Not-a-President-But-I-Play-One-3315397.php |title=I'm Not a President But I Play One |last=Garchik |first=Leah |date=October 10, 2000 |newspaper=San Francisco Chronicle |access-date=January 17, 2013}}</ref><ref name=NJ2000>{{cite web |url=http://www3.nationaljournal.com/members/adspotlight/2000/12/1221yearinreview.htm |title=2000 Political Ads Year In Review |date=December 21, 2000 |website=National Journal |access-date=January 17, 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130216122128/http://www3.nationaljournal.com/members/adspotlight/2000/12/1221yearinreview.htm |archive-date=February 16, 2013 }}</ref>

In 1997, Sheen volunteered his time to narrate the documentary film ''[[An Act of Conscience]]'', which follows [[war tax resister]]s [[Randy Kehler]] and Betsy Corner, who, as a protest against war and military spending, openly refused to pay their federal income taxes, prompting the [[Internal Revenue Service]] (IRS) to seize their house.<ref>{{cite news|last=Mellen|first=Kathleen|date=September 21, 2005|title=Documentary filmmaker focuses on area 'Peace Patriots'|url=https://newspapers.com/article/daily-hampshire-gazette/140430755/|newspaper=[[Daily Hampshire Gazette]]|location=Northampton, Massachusetts|page=C2|access-date=February 7, 2024|via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Anderson|first=John|date=May 4, 1998|title=The IRS Plays Tax and Consequences|url=https://newspapers.com/article/newsday/140135927/|newspaper=[[Newsday]]|location=New York, New York|page=B7|access-date=February 7, 2024|via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref>

[[File:Martin sheen.jpg|thumb|right|Sheen at an anti-war protest in October 2007]]
In early 2003, Sheen signed the "Not in My Name" declaration opposing the invasion of Iraq (along with prominent figures such as [[Noam Chomsky]] and [[Susan Sarandon]]); the declaration appeared in the [[magazine]] ''[[The Nation]].'' Sheen visited [[Camp Casey, Crawford, Texas|Camp Casey]] on August 28, 2005, to pray with anti-[[Iraq War]] activist [[Cindy Sheehan]], who had demanded a second meeting with U.S. President [[George W. Bush]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.foxnews.com/story/worn-out-welcome-cindy-sheehan-no-longer-on-tips-of-everyones-tongues |title=Worn Out Welcome? Cindy Sheehan No Longer on Tips of Everyone's Tongues |last=Beaucar Vlahos |first=Kelley |date=December 28, 2006 |website=Fox News |access-date=March 7, 2010}}</ref> Addressing Sheehan's supporters, Sheen said: "At least you've got the acting president of the United States", referring to his role as president [[Josiah Bartlet]] on ''[[The West Wing]].''<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ctv.ca/servlet/ArticleNews/story/CTVNews/1125317535478_72/?hub=World |title=Martin Sheen visits Sheehan's anti-war camp |date=August 29, 2005 |website=CTV |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060629034937/http://www.ctv.ca/servlet/ArticleNews/story/CTVNews/1125317535478_72/?hub=World |archive-date=June 29, 2006}}</ref>

During the [[1980 Democratic Party presidential primaries]], he supported Senator [[Ted Kennedy]] and gave multiple speeches supporting him in Florida.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/45597339/the-palm-beach-post/ |title=Actor Sheen Glad To Be In Ted Kennedy's Corner |date=February 26, 1980 |work=The Palm Beach Post |url-status=bot: unknown |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200225154249/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/45597339/the-palm-beach-post/ |archive-date=February 25, 2020 |page=26 |via=[[Newspapers.com]] |access-date=February 25, 2020 }}</ref> Sheen endorsed Democratic presidential candidate [[Jesse Jackson]] in the [[1988 United States presidential election|1988 presidential election]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1988-06-07-ca-3918-story.html|title=Campaign '88 Gets the Star Treatment|first=Nina J.|last=Easton|date=June 7, 1988|website=Los Angeles Times}}</ref> Sheen campaigned with [[Rob Reiner]] for [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic]] presidential candidates [[Howard Dean]] and [[John Kerry]] in 2004.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Snyder|first=Gabriel|date=2004-01-12|title=Inside Move: Duo hit road for Dean|url=https://variety.com/2004/biz/markets-festivals/inside-move-duo-hit-road-for-dean-1117898199/|access-date=2021-10-27|website=Variety|language=en-US}}</ref> Members of the Democratic Party in [[Ohio]] reportedly contacted Sheen in 2006 to persuade him to run for the [[United States Senate]]. Sheen declined the offer, stating, "I'm just not qualified. You're mistaking [[celebrity]] for credibility."<ref name="norton">{{cite news |url=http://primetime.unrealitytv.co.uk/martin-sheen-tells-graham-norton-who-he-backs-as-president/ |title=Martin Sheen tells Graham Norton who he backs as President |date=April 24, 2008 |website=Unreality TV |access-date=April 24, 2008 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080428233452/http://primetime.unrealitytv.co.uk/martin-sheen-tells-graham-norton-who-he-backs-as-president/ |archive-date=April 28, 2008}}</ref> In the [[2008 United States presidential election|2008 U.S. Presidential Election]], Sheen initially endorsed [[New Mexico Governor]] [[Bill Richardson]] and helped raise funds for his campaign.<ref>{{cite magazine |url=http://thepage.time.com/richardson-release-on-sheen-endorsement/ |title=Richardson release on Sheen endorsement |date=December 27, 2007 |magazine=TIME |access-date=April 24, 2008 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080228191118/http://thepage.time.com/richardson-release-on-sheen-endorsement/ |archive-date=February 28, 2008 }}</ref> After Richardson dropped out of the campaign, Sheen supported [[Barack Obama]].<ref name="norton" />

In 2006, when Sheen was living in Ireland as a result of his enrollment in [[NUI Galway]], he criticized Irish mushroom farmers for exploiting foreign workers by paying them as little as €2.50 an hour—way below the country's [[minimum wage]] of €7.65.<ref>{{cite web |date=Nov 27, 2006 |last=MacConnell |first=Sean |title=Migrant mushroom workers call for end to exploitation |url=https://www.irishtimes.com/news/migrant-mushroom-workers-call-for-end-to-exploitation-1.1264363 |newspaper=[[The Irish Times]] }}</ref>

From 2008 to 2013, Sheen's activism included attendance at meetings of the [[environmentalist]] group [[Earth First!]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.looktothestars.org/news/581-martin-sheen-to-receive-two-humanitarian-awards |title=Martin Sheen support to Earth First |first=Tim |last=Saunders |date=March 5, 2008 |website=Look To The Stars |access-date=March 7, 2010}}</ref> and speaking appearances at youth empowerment events called [[We Day]] on behalf of [[Free the Children]], an international charity and educational partner.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.straight.com/article-353206/vancouver/we-day-rally-vancouver-draws-al-gore-martin-sheen-and-thousands-globally-minded-youth |title=We Day rally in Vancouver draws Al Gore, Martin Sheen and thousands of globally minded youth |last=Thomson |first=Stephen |date=October 15, 2010 |work=[[The Georgia Straight]] |access-date=May 13, 2013}}</ref> Sheen has been named an ambassador of Free The Children and has supported such initiatives as the We are Silent campaign, a 24-hour pledge of silence.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.freethechildren.com/about-us/our-team/celebrity-ambassadors/ |title=Free The Children - Celebrity Ambassadors |website=Free The Children |access-date=February 4, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130203142805/http://www.freethechildren.com/about-us/our-team/celebrity-ambassadors/ |archive-date=February 3, 2013 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Speaking about his work with Free The Children, Sheen has said, "I'm hooked! I told them whenever I could offer some insight or energy or whatever I had, I'd be delighted if they would call on me, and they have."<ref>{{cite news |url=https://calgaryherald.com/news/calgary/Martin+Sheen+high+praise+charity+expands+Calgary/6691365/story.html |title=Martin Sheen has high praise for charity as it expands to Calgary |first=Thandi |last=Fletcher |date=April 24, 2008 |work=[[Calgary Herald]] |access-date=May 28, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120530031117/http://www.calgaryherald.com/news/calgary/Martin+Sheen+high+praise+charity+expands+Calgary/6691365/story.html#ixzz2IGst5Lx7 |archive-date=May 30, 2012 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Sheen championed Help Darfur Now, a student-run organization to help aid victims of the genocide in [[Darfur]], the western region in [[Sudan]]. He also appeared in the 2009 anti-fur documentary ''Skin Trade''.<ref>Archived at [https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211211/uQHx8NQ2bKU Ghostarchive]{{cbignore}} and the [https://web.archive.org/web/20091210094357/http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uQHx8NQ2bKU Wayback Machine]{{cbignore}}: {{cite AV media |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uQHx8NQ2bKU |title=Skin Trade Theatrical Trailer |author=Uncaged Films |date=September 28, 2009 |website=[[YouTube]] |access-date=May 13, 2013}}{{cbignore}}</ref>

Also in 2009, while walking the [[Camino de Santiago]] while filming the 2010 movie ''[[The Way (2010 film)|The Way]]'', Sheen met Gary and Elizabeth Jewson, a married couple from Australia who had lost their 18-year-old daughter Melanie in a car accident in 2004.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-10-11 |title=Melanie {{!}} The Melanie Jewson Foundation |url=https://mjf.org.au/about-us/melanie/ |access-date=2024-11-20 |language=en-AU}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=2021-10-11 |title=Patrons {{!}} The Melanie Jewson Foundation |url=https://mjf.org.au/about-us/patrons/# |access-date=2024-11-20 |language=en-AU}}</ref> Inspired by the touching story of Melanie's ambitions prior to her untimely death, Sheen became a patron of the foundation when it launched in 2012, and it has since raised more than [[Australian dollar|A$]]250,000 for helping serve [[Vanuatu]]'s under-resourced health and education systems.<ref name=":0" />

Sheen appeared in television and radio ads urging Washington state residents to vote "no" on [[Initiative 1000]], a proposed [[assisted suicide]] law before voters in the 2008 election.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.yakima-herald.com/blogs/valley-vox/posts/8018 |title=Martin Sheen to appear in ads against I-1000 |date=September 29, 2008 |work=[[Yakima Herald-Republic]] |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.today/20110522190737/http://www.yakima-herald.com/blogs/valley-vox/posts/8018 |archive-date=May 22, 2011 |access-date=December 12, 2008 }}</ref>

Sheen first spoke to 18,000 young student activists at [[Free The Children]]'s 2010 [[We Day]]. "While acting is what I do for a living, activism is what I do to stay alive," he said.<ref>Archived at [https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211211/p8_6xGzDTSo Ghostarchive]{{cbignore}} and the [https://web.archive.org/web/20140121030651/http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=p8_6xGzDTSo Wayback Machine]{{cbignore}}: {{cite AV media |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=p8_6xGzDTSo |title=Martin Sheen - Activism is what I do to stay alive |author=WE |date=August 30, 2011 |website=[[YouTube]] |access-date=June 3, 2019 }}{{cbignore}}</ref>

[[File:Martin_Sheen_and_Jon-Adrian_Velazquez_in_Sing_Sing_Prison.jpg|thumb|Sheen with [[Jon-Adrian Velazquez]] in Sing Sing Prison, 2011]]

On December 5, 2011, at [[Sing Sing Correctional Facility]], Sheen met with [[Jon-Adrian Velazquez]],<ref name="today.com">{{Cite web|url=https://www.today.com/news/martin-sheen-aids-ny-mans-wrongful-conviction-bid-wbna45559603|title='Martin Sheen aids NY man's wrongful conviction bid'|date=December 5, 2011 }}</ref> now a legal reform activist who was wrongfully convicted for a 1998 murder of a retired police officer in Harlem. Velazquez was serving 25 years to a life prison sentence. Later that day, Sheen held a press conference at a Manhattan courthouse for Velazquez, advocating for his release. Sheen stated that the case "cries out for justice".<ref name="today.com"/> After meeting Velazquez, Sheen said that it "confirmed my belief that [[Jon-Adrian Velazquez]] is an innocent man".<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.foxnews.com/entertainment/martin-sheen-latino-man-wrongly-convicted-of-murder|title='Martin Sheen: Latino Man Wrongly Convicted of Murder'|website=[[Fox News]] |date=December 10, 2016 }}</ref>

In March 2012, Sheen and [[George Clooney]] performed in [[Dustin Lance Black]]'s play ''[[8 (play)|8]]''—a staged reenactment of the [[Perry v. Brown|federal trial]] that overturned California's [[Proposition 8|Prop 8 ban]] on [[Same-sex marriage in California|same-sex marriage]]—as attorney [[Theodore Olson]].<ref name="8 the play">{{cite web |url=http://www.starpulse.com/news/index.php/2012/03/05/martin_sheen_honored_to_be_part_of_pro |title=Martin Sheen Honored To Be Part Of Prop 8 Play |date=March 5, 2012 |website=Starpulse |access-date=March 17, 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130710115028/http://www.starpulse.com/news/index.php/2012/03/05/martin_sheen_honored_to_be_part_of_pro |archive-date=July 10, 2013}}</ref> The production was held at the [[Wilshire Ebell Theatre]] and broadcast on YouTube to raise money for the [[American Foundation for Equal Rights]].<ref name="8 play video">Archived at [https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211211/qlUG8F9uVgM Ghostarchive]{{cbignore}} and the [https://web.archive.org/web/20120301195722/http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qlUG8F9uVgM&gl=US&hl=en Wayback Machine]{{cbignore}}: {{cite AV media |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qlUG8F9uVgM |title="8": A Play about the Fight for Marriage Equality |author=American Foundation for Equal Rights |date=March 3, 2012 |website=[[YouTube]] |access-date=March 17, 2012}}{{cbignore}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.pinknews.co.uk/2012/03/01/youtube-to-broadcast-proposition-8-play-live/ |title=YouTube to broadcast Proposition 8 play live |first=Stephen |last=Gray |date=March 1, 2012 |work=[[PinkNews]] |access-date=March 15, 2012}}</ref>

Sheen reunited with the cast of ''The West Wing'' in September 2012 to produce a video explaining [[Michigan]]'s ballot and its partisan and nonpartisan sections. The video doubled as a campaign ad for [[Bridget McCormack]], who was running as a nonpartisan candidate for [[Michigan Supreme Court|Michigan's Supreme Court]]. McCormack's sister, actress [[Mary McCormack]], co-starred with Sheen on ''The West Wing'' in its final three seasons.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://mediadecoder.blogs.nytimes.com/2012/09/21/a-brief-west-wing-reunion/ |title=A Brief 'West Wing' Reunion |author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--> |date=September 21, 2012 |newspaper=The New York Times |access-date=June 3, 2019}}</ref>

When the film ''[[Bhopal: A Prayer for Rain]]'' premiered in 2014, Sheen advocated for [[Amnesty International]]'s campaign ''Justice for Bhopal''.<ref>{{cite AV media |url =https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AZTDq4Vwhzw|title=Martin Sheen for Amnesty International: Justice for Bhopal survivors|publisher=YouTube|access-date=10 November 2019}}</ref>

Sheen narrated the trailer for a proposed documentary film about the prosecution of former [[Alabama]] governor [[Don Siegelman]] in 2015.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.gofundme.com/DonSiegelmanFilm |title=Don Siegelman Documentary |date=December 19, 2014 |website=[[GoFundMe]] |access-date=February 14, 2018}}</ref>  

Sheen narrated the feature-length documentary film based on the [[Peter Navarro]] book ''[[Death by China]]'', released in 2012. The documentary was financed by [[Nucor]] steel corporation, and has been endorsed by [[Donald Trump]].

Sheen donated $1000 to Irish political party [[Sinn Féin]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Hollywood stars among Sinn Fein donors who pledged $12m to party |url=https://www.independent.ie/regionals/herald/news/hollywood-stars-among-sinn-fein-donors-who-pledged-12m-to-party-31043008.html |work=Irish Independent}}</ref>