Editing Markup language (section)

===GenCode===
The first well-known public presentation of markup languages in computer text processing was made by [[William W. Tunnicliffe]] at a conference in 1967, although he preferred to call it ''generic coding.'' It can be seen as a response to the emergence of programs such as [[RUNOFF]] that each used their own control notations, often specific to the target typesetting device. In the 1970s, Tunnicliffe led the development of a standard called GenCode for the publishing industry and later was the first chairman of the [[International Organization for Standardization]] committee that created [[SGML]], the first standard descriptive markup language. [[Book design|Book designer]] Stanley Rice published speculation along similar lines in 1970.<ref>Rice, Stanley. “Editorial Text Structures (with some relations to information structures and format controls in computerized composition).” American National Standards Institute, March 17, 1970.</ref>

[[Brian Reid (computer scientist)|Brian Reid]], in his 1980 dissertation at [[Carnegie Mellon University]], developed the theory and a working implementation of descriptive markup in actual use. However, [[IBM]] researcher [[Charles Goldfarb]] is more commonly seen today as the "father" of markup languages. Goldfarb hit upon the basic idea while working on a primitive document management system intended for law firms in 1969, and helped invent [[IBM Generalized Markup Language|IBM GML]] later that same year. GML was first publicly disclosed in 1973.

In 1975, Goldfarb moved from [[Cambridge, Massachusetts]] to [[Silicon Valley]] and became a product planner at the [[IBM Almaden Research Center]]. There, he convinced IBM's executives to deploy GML commercially in 1978 as part of IBM's Document Composition Facility product, and it was widely used in business within a few years.

SGML, which was based on both GML and GenCode, was an [[International Organization for Standardization|ISO]] project worked on by Goldfarb beginning in 1974.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.drdobbs.com/blog/archives/2009/08/beyond_html_an.html|title=2009 interview with SGML creator Charles F. Goldfarb|publisher=[[Dr. Dobb's Journal]]|access-date=2010-07-18}}{{dead link|date=January 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Goldfarb eventually became chair of the SGML committee. SGML was first released by ISO as the ISO 8879 standard in October 1986.