Editing Marburg virus disease (section)

=== Vaccine development ===
{{main|Marburg vaccine}}
There are currently no [[Food and Drug Administration]]-approved [[vaccine]]s for the prevention of MVD. Many candidate vaccines have been developed and tested in various animal models.<ref name="Garbutt2004">{{Cite journal |last=Garbutt |first=M. |last2=Liebscher |first2=R. |last3=Wahl-Jensen |first3=V. |last4=Jones |first4=S. |last5=Möller |first5=P. |last6=Wagner |first6=R. |last7=Volchkov |first7=V. |last8=Klenk |first8=H. D. |last9=Feldmann |first9=H. |last10=Ströher |first10=U. |year=2004 |title=Properties of Replication-Competent Vesicular Stomatitis Virus Vectors Expressing Glycoproteins of Filoviruses and Arenaviruses |journal=Journal of Virology |volume=78 |issue=10 |pages=5458–5465 |doi=10.1128/JVI.78.10.5458-5465.2004 |pmc=400370 |pmid=15113924}}</ref><ref name="Daddario-DiCaprio2006">{{Cite journal |last=Daddario-Dicaprio |first=K. M. |last2=Geisbert |first2=T. W. |last3=Geisbert |first3=J. B. |last4=Ströher |first4=U. |last5=Hensley |first5=L. E. |last6=Grolla |first6=A. |last7=Fritz |first7=E. A. |last8=Feldmann |first8=F. |last9=Feldmann |first9=H. |last10=Jones |first10=S. M. |year=2006 |title=Cross-Protection against Marburg Virus Strains by Using a Live, Attenuated Recombinant Vaccine |journal=Journal of Virology |volume=80 |issue=19 |pages=9659–9666 |doi=10.1128/JVI.00959-06 |pmc=1617222 |pmid=16973570}}</ref><ref name="Swenson2008">{{Cite journal |last=Swenson |first=D. L. |last2=Warfield |first2=K. L. |last3=Larsen |first3=T. |last4=Alves |first4=D. A. |last5=Coberley |first5=S. S. |last6=Bavari |first6=S. |year=2008 |title=Monovalent virus-like particle vaccine protects guinea pigs and nonhuman primates against infection with multiple Marburg viruses |journal=Expert Review of Vaccines |volume=7 |issue=4 |pages=417–429 |doi=10.1586/14760584.7.4.417 |pmid=18444889 |s2cid=23200723}}</ref> Of those, the most promising ones are [[DNA vaccination|DNA vaccines]]<ref name="Riemenschneider2003">{{Cite journal |last=Riemenschneider |first=J. |last2=Garrison |first2=A. |last3=Geisbert |first3=J. |last4=Jahrling |first4=P. |last5=Hevey |first5=M. |last6=Negley |first6=D. |last7=Schmaljohn |first7=A. |last8=Lee |first8=J. |last9=Hart |first9=M. K. |last10=Vanderzanden |first10=L. |last11=Custer |first11=D. |last12=Bray |first12=M. |last13=Ruff |first13=A. |last14=Ivins |first14=B. |last15=Bassett |first15=A. |year=2003 |title=Comparison of individual and combination DNA vaccines for B. Anthracis, Ebola virus, Marburg virus and Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus |url=https://zenodo.org/record/1259961 |url-status=live |journal=Vaccine |volume=21 |issue=25–26 |pages=4071–4080 |doi=10.1016/S0264-410X(03)00362-1 |pmid=12922144 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210828155902/https://zenodo.org/record/1259961/preview/article.pdf |archive-date=2021-08-28 |access-date=2019-06-29 |last16=Rossi |first16=C. |last17=Schmaljohn |first17=C.}}</ref> or based on [[Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus]] [[Replicon (genetics)|replicons]],<ref name="Hevey1998">{{Cite journal |last=Hevey |first=M. |last2=Negley |first2=D. |last3=Pushko |first3=P. |last4=Smith |first4=J. |last5=Schmaljohn |first5=A. |date=Nov 1998 |title=Marburg virus vaccines based upon alphavirus replicons protect guinea pigs and nonhuman primates |journal=Virology |volume=251 |issue=1 |pages=28–37 |doi=10.1006/viro.1998.9367 |issn=0042-6822 |pmid=9813200 |doi-access=free}}</ref> [[vesicular stomatitis virus|vesicular stomatitis Indiana virus (VSIV)]]<ref name=Daddario-DiCaprio2006/><ref name="Jones2005">{{Cite journal |last=Jones |first=M. |last2=Feldmann |first2=H. |last3=Ströher |first3=U. |last4=Geisbert |first4=J. B. |last5=Fernando |first5=L. |last6=Grolla |first6=A. |last7=Klenk |first7=H. D. |last8=Sullivan |first8=N. J. |last9=Volchkov |first9=V. E. |last10=Fritz |first10=E. A. |last11=Daddario |first11=K. M. |last12=Hensley |first12=L. E. |last13=Jahrling |first13=P. B. |last14=Geisbert |first14=T. W. |year=2005 |title=Live attenuated recombinant vaccine protects nonhuman primates against Ebola and Marburg viruses |journal=Nature Medicine |volume=11 |issue=7 |pages=786–790 |doi=10.1038/nm1258 |pmid=15937495 |s2cid=5450135 |doi-access=free}}</ref> or [[virus-like particle|filovirus-like particles (VLPs)]]<ref name=Swenson2008/> as all of these candidates could protect nonhuman primates from marburgvirus-induced disease. DNA vaccines have entered clinical trials.<ref name="NIAIDVaccineDevelopment">{{Cite press release |title=Ebola/Marburg Vaccine Development |date=2008-09-15 |publisher=National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases |url=http://www3.niaid.nih.gov/topics/ebolaMarburg/default.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100306223732/https://www3.niaid.nih.gov/topics/ebolaMarburg/default.htm |archive-date=2010-03-06}}</ref>

There is not yet an approved vaccine, because of [[economics of vaccines|economic factors in vaccine development]], and because filoviruses killed few before the 2010s.<ref>{{Cite journal |vauthors=Reynolds P, Marzi A |date=August 2017 |title=Ebola and Marburg virus vaccines |journal=Virus Genes |volume=53 |issue=4 |pages=501–515 |doi=10.1007/s11262-017-1455-x |pmc=7089128 |pmid=28447193}}</ref>