Editing Manitoba (section)

=== Climate ===
{{Main|Climate of Manitoba}}
[[File:Deep Lake - Riding Mountain National Park.JPG|thumb|Deep Lake at [[Riding Mountain National Park]]]]
Manitoba has an extreme [[continental climate]]. Temperatures and precipitation generally decrease from south to north and increase from east to west.<ref>{{vcite book|author=Ritchie, JC|title=Post-Glacial Vegetation of Canada|publisher=Cambridge University Press|year=2004|page=25|isbn=978-0-521-54409-2}}</ref> Manitoba is far from the moderating influences of mountain ranges or large bodies of water. Because of the generally flat landscape, it is exposed to cold [[Polar high|Arctic high-pressure]] air masses from the northwest during January and February. In the summer, air masses sometimes come out of the [[Southern United States]], as warm humid air is drawn northward from the [[Gulf of Mexico]].<ref>{{vcite book|author=Vickers, Glenn; Buzza, Sandra; Schmidt, Dave; Mullock, John|title=The Weather of the Canadian Prairies|publisher=Navigation Canada|date=2001|url=http://www.navcanada.ca/ContentDefinitionFiles/publications/lak/CanadianPrairies/1-P32E.PDF|pages=48, 51, 53–64|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110722135648/http://www.navcanada.ca/ContentDefinitionFiles/publications/lak/CanadianPrairies/1-P32E.PDF|archivedate=22 July 2011}} </ref> Temperatures exceed {{convert|30|C}} numerous times each summer, and the combination of heat and humidity can bring the [[humidex]] value to the mid-40s.<ref>{{vcite web |url=http://climate.weatheroffice.gc.ca/climateData/generate_chart_e.html?timeframe=3&Prov=XX&StationID=28051&Year=2006&Month=1&Day=1&Type=line&MeasTypeID=meanmaxtemp |title=Mean Max Temp History at The Forks, Manitoba |work=Climate Data Online |publisher=Environment Canada |accessdate=7 August 2007 |url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20111028080958/http://climate.weatheroffice.gc.ca/climateData/generate_chart_e.html?timeframe=3&Prov=XX&StationID=28051&Year=2006&Month=1&Day=1&Type=line&MeasTypeID=meanmaxtemp |archivedate=28 October 2011  }}</ref> [[Carman, Manitoba]], recorded the second-highest humidex ever in Canada in 2007, with 53.0.<ref>{{vcite web|title=Canada's Top Ten Weather Stories for 2007|url=http://www.ec.gc.ca/EnviroZine/default.asp?lang=En&n=70BF6FA1-1|publisher=Environment Canada|accessdate=8 November 2010|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110611202120/http://www.ec.gc.ca/envirozine/default.asp?lang=En&n=70BF6FA1-1|archivedate=11 June 2011}}</ref> According to [[Environment Canada]], Manitoba ranked first for clearest skies year round and ranked second for clearest skies in the summer and for the sunniest province in the winter and spring.<ref>{{vcite web|url=http://www.on.ec.gc.ca/weather/winners/manitoba-e.html|title=Manitoba Weather Honours|publisher=Environment Canada|accessdate=28 October 2009|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20081211154143/http://www.on.ec.gc.ca/weather/winners/manitoba-e.html|archivedate=11 December 2008}}</ref>

[[Southern Manitoba]] (including the city of Winnipeg), falls into the humid continental climate zone (Köppen Dfb). This area is cold and windy in the winter and often has blizzards because of the open landscape. Summers are warm with a moderate length. This region is the most humid area in the prairie provinces, with moderate precipitation. Southwestern Manitoba, though under the same climate classification as the rest of Southern Manitoba, is closer to the semi-arid interior of [[Palliser's Triangle]]. The area is drier and more prone to [[drought]]s than other parts of southern Manitoba.<ref name="steppe" /> This area is cold and windy in the winter and has frequent blizzards due to the openness of the [[Canadian Prairie]] landscape.<ref name="steppe" /> Summers are generally warm to hot, with low to moderate humidity.<ref name="steppe">{{vcite web|url=http://www.uwsp.edu/geo/faculty/ritter/geog101/textbook/climate_systems/midlatitude_steppe.html |title=Midlatitude Steppe Climate |work=The Physical Environment |author=Ritter, Michael E |year=2006 |url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070822190831/http://www.uwsp.edu/geo/faculty/ritter/geog101/textbook/climate_systems/midlatitude_steppe.html |archivedate=22 August 2007 }}</ref>

Southern parts of the province, just north of [[Tornado Alley]], experience [[tornado]]es, with 16 confirmed touchdowns in 2016. In 2007, on 22 and 23 June, numerous tornadoes touched down, the largest an [[Elie, Manitoba tornado|F5 tornado]] that devastated parts of [[Elie, Manitoba|Elie]] (the strongest recorded tornado in Canada).<ref>{{vcite web|url=http://www.ec.gc.ca/default.asp?lang=En&n=714D9AAE-1&news=4B3DE57E-4967-4B09-98D6-EF974B32D6B5 |title=Elie Tornado Upgraded to Highest Level on Damage Scale Canada's First Official F5 Tornado |date=18 September 2007 |publisher=Environment Canada |url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110611150927/http://www.ec.gc.ca/default.asp?lang=En&n=714D9AAE-1&news=4B3DE57E-4967-4B09-98D6-EF974B32D6B5 |archivedate=11 June 2011 }}</ref>
[[File:Manitoba Köppen.svg|thumb|Köppen climate types of Manitoba]]
The province's northern sections (including the city of [[Thompson, Manitoba|Thompson]]) fall in the [[subarctic climate]] zone ([[Köppen climate classification]] ''Dfc''). This region features long and extremely cold winters and brief, warm summers with little precipitation.<ref name="subarctic" /> Overnight temperatures as low as {{convert|-40|C}} occur on several days each winter.<ref name="subarctic">{{vcite web|url=http://www.uwsp.edu/geo/faculty/ritter/geog101/textbook/climate_systems/subarctic.html |title=Subarctic Climate |work=The Physical Environment |author=Ritter, Michael E |year=2006 |url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080525080242/http://www.uwsp.edu/geo/faculty/ritter/geog101/textbook/climate_systems/subarctic.html |archivedate=25 May 2008 }}</ref>

{| class="wikitable sortable" style="width:60%; font-size:95%;"
|-
!Community
![[List of regions of Manitoba|Region]]
!July daily<br />maximum<ref name="Canadian Climate Normals or Averages 1981-2010">{{vcite web|url=http://climate.weather.gc.ca/climate_normals/index_e.html|publisher=Environment Canada|accessdate=26 February 2014|url-status=live|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140227145147/http://climate.weather.gc.ca/climate_normals/index_e.html|archivedate=27 February 2014|title=Canadian Climate Normals}}</ref>
!January daily<br />maximum<ref name="Canadian Climate Normals or Averages 1981-2010"/>
!Annual<br />precipitation<ref name="Canadian Climate Normals or Averages 1981-2010"/>
|-
| [[Morden, Manitoba|Morden]] || [[Pembina Valley Region|Pembina Valley]] ||  {{convert|26|C|0}} || {{convert|-10|C|0}} || {{convert|541|mm|0|abbr=on}}
|-
| '''[[Winnipeg]]''' || [[Winnipeg Capital Region|Winnipeg]] || {{convert|26|C|0}} || {{convert|-11|C|0}} || {{convert|521|mm|0|abbr=on}}
|-
| [[Pierson, Manitoba|Pierson]] || [[Westman Region]] || {{convert|27|C|0}} || {{convert|-9|C|0}} || {{convert|457|mm|0|abbr=on}}
|-
| [[Dauphin, Manitoba|Dauphin]] || [[Parkland Region, Manitoba|Parkland]] || {{convert|25|C|0}}  || {{convert|-10|C|0}}  || {{convert|482|mm|0|abbr=on}}
|-
| [[Steinbach, Manitoba|Steinbach]] || [[Eastman Region, Manitoba|Eastman]] ||{{convert|25|C|0}}  || {{convert|-11|C|0}} || {{convert|581|mm|0|abbr=on}}
|-
| [[Portage la Prairie]] || [[Central Plains Region, Manitoba|Central Plains]] || {{convert|26|C|0}} || {{convert|-9|C|F}} || {{convert|532|mm|0|abbr=on}}
|-
| [[Brandon, Manitoba|Brandon]] || [[Westman Region, Manitoba|Westman]] || {{convert|25|C|0}} || {{convert|-11|C|0}}  || {{convert|474|mm|0|abbr=on}}
|-
| [[The Pas]] || [[Northern Region, Manitoba|Northern]] || |{{convert|24|C|0}}  || {{convert|-14|C|0}}  || {{convert|450|mm|0|abbr=on}}
|-
| [[Thompson, Manitoba|Thompson]] || [[Northern Region, Manitoba|Northern]]  || {{convert|23|C|0}}  || {{convert|-18|C|0}} ||  {{convert|474|mm|0|abbr=on}}
|-
| [[Churchill, Manitoba|Churchill]] || [[Northern Region, Manitoba|Northern]] || {{convert|18|C|0}}  || {{convert|-22|C|0}} || {{convert|453|mm|0|abbr=on}}
|}