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==Crest and colours== {{Commons|Manchester United F.C. kits}} {{Commons|Manchester United F.C. kits (alternates)}} {{Commons|Manchester United F.C. kits (goalkeeper kits)}} [[File:Manchester United Badge 1960s-1973.png|thumb|Manchester United badge in the 1960s|alt=A football crest. In the centre is a shield with a ship in full sail above a red field with three diagonal black lines. On either side of the shield are two stylised roses, separating two scrolls. The upper scroll is red and reads "Manchester United" in black type, while the lower scroll is white with "Football Club" also written in black]] The club [[Crest (sports)|crest]] is derived from the [[Manchester City Council#Coat of arms|Manchester City Council coat of arms]], although all that remains of it on the current crest is the ship in full sail.<ref name="Barnes_49">Barnes et al. (2001), p. 49.</ref> The devil stems from the club's nickname "The Red Devils" inspired from [[Salford Rugby Club]];<ref>{{cite web |title=The rise of the Red Devils: A look at the Manchester United logo history |url=https://fabrikbrands.com/manchester-united-logo-history-mufc-badge-crest-and-meaning/ |access-date=9 March 2023 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20230512155422/https://fabrikbrands.com/manchester-united-logo-history-mufc-badge-crest-and-meaning/ |archive-date=12 May 2023 |last=Peate |first=Stephen |work=Fabrik Brands}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Why is Manchester United called the "Red Devils"? Explaining the famous nickname |url=https://www.sportingnews.com/us/soccer/news/why-manchester-united-called-red-devils-nickname/1vfau0qgayh5d1b98wcditbxw4 |date=30 Dec 2021 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20230512160613/https://www.sportingnews.com/us/soccer/news/why-manchester-united-called-red-devils-nickname/1vfau0qgayh5d1b98wcditbxw4 |archive-date=12 May 2023 |last=Bonn |first=Kyle |work=[[The Sporting News]]}}</ref> it was included on club programmes and scarves in the 1960s, and incorporated into the club crest in 1970, although the crest was not included on the chest of the shirt until 1971.<ref name="Barnes_49"/> In 1975, the red devil ("''A devil facing the sinister guardant supporting with both hands a trident gules''") was granted as a [[heraldic badge]] by the [[College of Arms]] to the [[English Football League]] for use by Manchester United.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Phillips |first=David Llewelyn |date=Spring 2015 |title=Badges and 'Crests': The Twentieth-Century Relationship Between Football and Heraldry |url=https://www.theheraldrysociety.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/10/CoA-229-Phillips-paper.pdf |journal=The Coat of Arms |volume=XI Part I |issue=229 |pages=40β43 |access-date=31 January 2022 |archive-date=24 December 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211224161126/https://www.theheraldrysociety.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/10/CoA-229-Phillips-paper.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref> In 2023, the Red Devil motif alone, which had been used in promotional items and merchandise previously, was used as the sole badge on the Manchester United third kit. The existing crest remains on the home and away kits. Newton Heath's uniform in 1879, four years before the club played its first competitive match, has been documented as "white with blue cord".<ref>{{cite book |last=Angus |first=J. Keith |year=1879 |title=The Sportsman's Year-Book for 1880 |publisher=Cassell, Petter, Galpin & Co. |page=182 }}</ref> A photograph of the Newton Heath team, taken in 1892, is believed to show the players wearing red-and-white quartered jerseys and navy blue [[knickerbockers (clothing)|knickerbockers]].<ref name="Barnes_48">Barnes et al. (2001), p. 48.</ref> Between 1894 and 1896, the players wore green and gold jerseys<ref name="Barnes_48"/> which were replaced in 1896 by white shirts, which were worn with navy blue shorts.<ref name="Barnes_48"/> After the name change in 1902, the club colours were changed to red shirts, white shorts, and black socks, which has become the standard Manchester United home kit.<ref name="Barnes_48"/> Very few changes were made to the kit until 1922 when the club adopted white shirts bearing a deep red "V" around the neck, similar to the shirt worn in the [[1909 FA Cup final]]. They remained part of their home kits until 1927.<ref name="Barnes_48"/> For a period in 1934, the cherry and white hooped change shirt became the home colours, but the following season the red shirt was recalled after the club's lowest ever league placing of 20th in the Second Division and the hooped shirt dropped back to being the change.<ref name="Barnes_48"/> The black socks were changed to white from 1959 to 1965, where they were replaced with red socks up until 1971 with white used on occasion, when the club reverted to black. Black shorts and white socks are sometimes worn with the home strip, most often in away games, if there is a clash with the opponent's kit. For 2018β19, black shorts and red socks became the primary choice for the home kit.<ref name="1819home">{{cite news |title=Adidas launches new United home kit for 2018/19 |url=https://www.manutd.com/en/news/detail/adidas-launches-new-manchester-united-home-kit-for-2018-19-season |work=Manchester United |date=17 July 2018 |access-date=17 July 2018 |archive-date=17 July 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180717111526/https://www.manutd.com/en/news/detail/adidas-launches-new-manchester-united-home-kit-for-2018-19-season |url-status=live }}</ref> Since 1997β98, white socks have been the preferred choice for European games, which are typically played on weeknights, to aid with player visibility.<ref>{{cite news |title=Sir Alex Ferguson's ability to play the generation game is vital to Manchester United's phenomenal success |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/sport/football/teams/manchester-united/8725483/Sir-Alex-Fergusons-ability-to-play-the-generation-game-is-vital-to-Manchester-Uniteds-phenomenal-success.html |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220110/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/sport/football/teams/manchester-united/8725483/Sir-Alex-Fergusons-ability-to-play-the-generation-game-is-vital-to-Manchester-Uniteds-phenomenal-success.html |archive-date=10 January 2022 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |first=Mark |last=Ogden |website=[[The Daily Telegraph|The Telegraph]] |date=26 August 2011 |access-date=12 May 2017 }}{{cbignore}}</ref> The current home kit is a red shirt with [[Adidas]]' trademark [[three stripes]] in red on the shoulders, white shorts, and black socks.<ref>{{cite news |title=Revealed: New Man Utd home kit for 2019/20 |url=https://www.manutd.com/en/news/detail/adidas-and-man-utd-launch-new-home-kit-for-2019-20-season |work=Manchester United |date=16 May 2019 |access-date=17 May 2019 |archive-date=16 May 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190516213459/https://www.manutd.com/en/news/detail/adidas-and-man-utd-launch-new-home-kit-for-2019-20-season |url-status=live }}</ref> The Manchester United away strip has often been a white shirt, black shorts and white socks, but there have been several exceptions. These include an all-black strip with blue and gold trimmings between 1993 and 1995, the navy blue shirt with silver horizontal pinstripes worn during the 1999β2000 season,<ref>Devlin (2005), p. 157.</ref> and the 2011β12 away kit, which had a royal blue body and sleeves with hoops made of small midnight navy blue and black stripes, with black shorts and blue socks.<ref>{{cite news |title=Reds unveil new away kit |url=http://www.manutd.com/en/News-And-Features/Club-News/2011/Jul/manchester-united-unveil-new-away-kit.aspx |work=Manchester United |date=15 July 2011 |access-date=16 July 2011 |archive-date=17 July 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110717164505/http://www.manutd.com/en/News-And-Features/Club-News/2011/Jul/manchester-united-unveil-new-away-kit.aspx |url-status=live }}</ref> An all-grey away kit worn during the 1995β96 season was dropped after just five games; in its final outing against Southampton, Alex Ferguson instructed the team to change into the third kit during half-time. The reason for dropping it being that the players claimed to have trouble finding their teammates against the crowd, United failed to win a competitive game in the kit in five attempts.<ref>{{cite news |first=Lee |last=Sharpe |author-link=Lee Sharpe |title=13.04.96 Manchester United's grey day at The Dell |url=https://www.theguardian.com/football/2006/apr/15/sport.comment2 |work=The Guardian |date=15 April 2006 |access-date=21 January 2012 |archive-date=4 November 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131104194341/http://www.theguardian.com/football/2006/apr/15/sport.comment2 |url-status=live }}</ref> In 2001, to celebrate 100 years as "Manchester United", a reversible white and gold away kit was released, although the actual match day shirts were not reversible.<ref>Devlin (2005), p. 158.</ref> Since 2016, the team has experimented with various colors and design, going away from the traditional white. The club's third kit was traditionally all-blue; this was most recently the case during the 2014β15 season.<ref name="1415blue">{{cite news |title=United reveal blue third kit for 2014/15 season |url=http://www.manutd.com/en/News-And-Features/Football-News/2014/Jul/New-Manchester-United-third-kit-press-release.aspx |work=Manchester United |date=29 July 2014 |access-date=30 July 2014 |archive-date=30 July 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140730182608/http://www.manutd.com/en/News-And-Features/Football-News/2014/Jul/New-Manchester-United-third-kit-press-release.aspx |url-status=live }}</ref> Exceptions include a green-and-gold halved shirt worn between 1992 and 1994, a blue-and-white striped shirt worn during the 1994β95 and 1995β96 seasons and once in 1996β97, an all-black kit worn during the Treble-winning 1998β99 season, and a white shirt with black-and-red horizontal pinstripes worn between 2003β04 and 2005β06.<ref>Devlin (2005), pp. 154β159.</ref> From 2006β07 to 2013β14, the third kit was the previous season's away kit, albeit updated with the new club sponsor in 2006β07 and 2010β11, apart from the 2008β09 season, when an all-blue kit was launched to mark the 40th anniversary of the [[1967β68 European Cup]] success.<ref>{{cite news |title=New blue kit for 08/09 |url=http://www.manutd.com/en/News-And-Features/Club-News/2008/Aug/New-blue-kit-for-0809.aspx |work=Manchester United |date=28 August 2008 |access-date=3 December 2010 |archive-date=18 January 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120118174920/http://www.manutd.com/en/News-And-Features/Club-News/2008/Aug/New-blue-kit-for-0809.aspx |url-status=live }}</ref>
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