Editing Mainz (section)

===Frankish Mainz===
In the 4th century, Alemans repeatedly invaded the neighborhood of Mogontiacum.<ref name="Livius-2020">{{cite web |title=Mogontiacum (Mainz) |website=Livius |date=13 October 2020 |url=https://www.livius.org/articles/place/mogontiacum-mainz/ |access-date=31 January 2023 |archive-date=31 January 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230131031126/https://www.livius.org/articles/place/mogontiacum-mainz/ |url-status=live }}</ref> In 357, the city was liberated by the Emperor [[Julian the Apostate|Julian]].<ref name="Livius-2020" /> The last emperor to station troops serving the western empire at Mainz was [[Valentinian III]] (reigned 425–455), who relied heavily on his ''Magister militum per Gallias'', [[Flavius Aëtius]]. In 451, [[Attila]]'s [[Huns]] sacked the city.<ref name="Livius-2020" />
[[File:Münze Gold Solidus Theudebert I um 534.jpg|thumb|Gold solidus of the Frankish king [[Theudebert I]], Mainz mint, {{circa}} 534]]
The [[Franks]] from the middle and upper Rhine area took Mainz shortly before 460.<ref name="Portal Rheinische Geschichte">{{cite web |title=500 bis 785 |website=Portal Rheinische Geschichte |url=https://www.rheinische-geschichte.lvr.de/Epochen-und-Themen/Epochen/500-bis-785---die-rheinlande-im-fruehmittelalter-/DE-2086/lido/57ab21f57328c2.42556102 |language=de |access-date=31 January 2023 |archive-date=31 January 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230131035620/https://www.rheinische-geschichte.lvr.de/Epochen-und-Themen/Epochen/500-bis-785---die-rheinlande-im-fruehmittelalter-/DE-2086/lido/57ab21f57328c2.42556102 |url-status=live }}</ref> After the [[fall of the Western Roman Empire]] in 476, the [[Franks]] under the rule of [[Clovis I]] gained control over western Europe by the year 496.<ref name="Grube">{{cite web |last=Grube |first=August Wilhelm |title=Charakterbilder aus der Geschichte und Sage. Zweiter Theil: Das Mittelalter |website=Projekt Gutenberg-DE |url=https://www.projekt-gutenberg.org/grube/sageges2/chap016.html |language=de |access-date=31 January 2023 |archive-date=31 January 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230131035620/https://www.projekt-gutenberg.org/grube/sageges2/chap016.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Clovis, son of [[Childeric I|Childeric]], became king of the Salians in 481, ruling from [[Tournai]].<ref name="Deutsche Biographie">{{cite web |title=Chlodwig I. |website=Deutsche Biographie |url=https://www.deutsche-biographie.de/sfz60857.html |language=de |access-date=31 January 2023 |archive-date=30 January 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230130221814/https://www.deutsche-biographie.de/sfz60857.html |url-status=live }}</ref> He converted from [[Germanic paganism|paganism]] to [[Catholic Church|Catholic Christianity]].<ref name="Deutsche Biographie" /> [[Theudebert I]] ({{c.}} 500–547 or 548) had installed {{interlanguage link|Sidonius (bishop of Mainz)|lt=Sidonius|de|Sidonius}}<ref name="Mellone">{{cite web |last=Mellone |first=Rebecca |title=regionalgeschichte.net |website=Die Baugeschichte des Mainzer Doms |url=https://www.1000-jahre-mainzer-dom.de/geschichte/baugeschichte.html |access-date=31 January 2023 |archive-date=6 January 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230106005930/https://www.1000-jahre-mainzer-dom.de/geschichte/baugeschichte.html |url-status=live }}</ref> as bishop of Mainz.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.mainz.de/medien/internet/downloads/Broschuere_Blick_auf_Mainzer_Frauen_WEB.pdf |title=Broschuere Blick auf Mainzer Frauen |access-date=31 January 2023 |archive-date=29 October 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211029171617/https://www.mainz.de/medien/internet/downloads/Broschuere_Blick_auf_Mainzer_Frauen_WEB.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref> [[Dagobert I]] (605/603–639) reinforced the walls of Mainz.<ref>{{cite web |last=Dumont |first=Stefan |title=Neumann: Militärbauverwaltungen |website=Festung Mainz |url=http://www.festung-mainz.de/fr/bibliothek/aufsaetze/festungsgeschichte/verwaltungen.html |language=de |access-date=31 January 2023 |archive-date=31 January 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230131050101/http://www.festung-mainz.de/fr/bibliothek/aufsaetze/festungsgeschichte/verwaltungen.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="De Gruyter-1897">{{cite book |title=Hessische Geschichte im Anschlusse an die deutsche und unter Berücksichtigung der Kulturgeschichte |chapter=II. Zeitalter der Merowinger und Karolinger. (486–911.) |publisher=De Gruyter |date=31 December 1897 |doi=10.1515/9783111654201-005 |pages=8–17 |isbn=978-3-11-165420-1}}</ref>

[[Charlemagne]] (768–814), through a succession of wars against other tribes, built a vast Frankish empire in Europe. Mainz from its central location became important to the empire and to Christianity.<ref name="Kaiser2020-2021">{{cite web |title=Sektion 1 |website=Kaiser2020 |date=11 February 2021 |url=https://www.kaiser2020online.de/de/sektion-1/ |language=de |access-date=31 January 2023 |archive-date=31 January 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230131051538/https://www.kaiser2020online.de/de/sektion-1/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Meanwhile, language change was gradually working to divide the Franks.
After the death of Charlemagne, distinctions between France and Germany began to be made.<ref name="Kaufmann-2015">{{cite web |last=Kaufmann |first=Sabine |title=Mittelalter: Karl der Große |website=Planet Wissen |date=2 November 2015 |url=https://www.planet-wissen.de/geschichte/mittelalter/karl_der_grosse/index.html |language=de |access-date=31 January 2023 |archive-date=31 January 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230131052911/https://www.planet-wissen.de/geschichte/mittelalter/karl_der_grosse/index.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="Oldenbourg Wissenschaftsverlag-1927">{{cite book |title=Die Zeit der Reichsgründungen (382–911) |chapter=Fünftes Kapitel. Der Wettstreit Zwischen Ostfranken Und Westfranken. (872–880.) |publisher=Oldenbourg Wissenschaftsverlag |date=31 December 1927 |doi=10.1515/9783486752670-035 |pages=316–327 |isbn=978-3-486-75267-0}}</ref> The Rhine roughly formed the border of their territories, whereby the three important episcopal cities of Mainz, [[Worms, Germany|Worms]] and [[Speyer]] with their counties to the left of the Rhine were assigned to [[East Francia]].<ref name="Portal Rheinische Geschichte"/><ref name="Gengler-1849">{{cite book |last1=Gengler |first1=H.G.P. |last2=de Wall |first2=J. |title=Deutsche Rechtsgeschichte im Grundrisse |publisher=Palm |issue=Bd. 1 |year=1849 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7ZJRAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA95-IA1 |language=de |access-date=31 January 2023 |page=95-IA1 |archive-date=26 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230326164808/https://books.google.com/books?id=7ZJRAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA95-IA1 |url-status=live }}</ref>