Editing Maine (section)

===Population===

{{US Census population
|1790= 96540
|1800= 151719
|1810= 228705
|1820= 298335
|1830= 399455
|1840= 501793
|1850= 583169
|1860= 628279
|1870= 626915
|1880= 648936
|1890= 661086
|1900= 694466
|1910= 742371
|1920= 768014
|1930= 797423
|1940= 847226
|1950= 913774
|1960= 969265
|1970= 992048
|1980= 1124660
|1990= 1227928
|2000= 1274923
|2010= 1328361
|2020= 1362359
| estimate = 1405012
| estyear = 2024
| align-fn = center
|footnote=Source: 1910–2020<ref>{{cite web|title=Historical Population Change Data (1910–2020)|url=https://www.census.gov/data/tables/time-series/dec/popchange-data-text.html|website=Census.gov|publisher=United States Census Bureau|access-date=May 1, 2021|archive-date=April 29, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210429012609/https://www.census.gov/data/tables/time-series/dec/popchange-data-text.html|url-status=dead}}</ref>
}}
[[File:Maine population density 2020.png|thumb|left|Maine population density map]]
[[File:Ethnic Origins in Maine.png|thumb|330x330px|Ethnic origins in Maine|left]]
The [[United States Census Bureau|U.S. Census Bureau]] estimates that the population of Maine was 1,344,212 on July 1, 2019, a 1.19% increase since the [[2010 United States Census|2010 United States census]].<ref name="PopEstUS">{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/quickfacts/fact/table/me,US/PST045218|title=QuickFacts Maine; UNITED STATES|website=2018 Population Estimates|publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]], Population Division|date=March 11, 2019|access-date=March 11, 2019}}</ref> At the [[2020 United States census|2020 census]], 1,362,359 people lived in the state. The state's population density is 41.3 people per square mile, making it the [[List of U.S. states by population density|least densely populated state]] east of the [[Mississippi River]]. As of 2010, Maine was also the most rural state in the Union, with only 38.7% of the state's population living within urban areas.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.icip.iastate.edu/tables/population/urban-pct-states|title=Urban Percentage of the Population for States, Historical &#124; Iowa Community Indicators Program|website=Icip.iastate.edu|access-date=April 17, 2021}}</ref> As explained in detail under "Geography", there are large tracts of uninhabited land in some remote parts of the interior of the state, particularly in the [[North Maine Woods]].

The mean population center of Maine is located in [[Kennebec County, Maine|Kennebec County]], just east of Augusta.<ref name="mean population center">{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/geo/www/2010census/centerpop2010/CenPop2010_Mean_ST.txt|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110429025307/http://www.census.gov/geo/www/2010census/centerpop2010/CenPop2010_Mean_ST.txt|url-status=dead|archive-date=April 29, 2011|title=Population and Population Centers by State: 2010 (US Census Bureau)|access-date=April 9, 2011}}</ref> The [[Portland metropolitan area, Maine|Greater Portland metropolitan area]] is the most densely populated with nearly 40% of Maine's population.<ref name="Metropolitan populations, census.gov">{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/population/www/cen2010/cph-t/CPH-T-5.pdf|title=census.gov|access-date=August 3, 2013}}</ref> This area spans three counties and includes many farms and wooded areas; the 2016 population of Portland proper was 66,937.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/quickfacts/fact/table/portlandcitymaine/RHI125216|title=U.S. Census Bureau QuickFacts: Portland city, Maine|website=Census.gov|access-date=January 15, 2018}}</ref>

Maine has experienced a very slow rate of population growth since the 1990 census; its rate of growth (0.57%) since the 2010 census ranks 45th of the 50 states.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.massbenchmarks.org/statedata/data/pop_est_2016a/UMDI%20State%20Pop%202016.pdf|title=Mass. Benchmarks|website=Massbenchmarks.org|access-date=April 17, 2021}}</ref> In 2021 and 2022, however, Maine had the highest proportion of arriving residents to departing residents of any state in the country, with 1.8 arrivals for every departure.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Silver|first=Nate|title=SBSQ #6: People are fleeing California and New York. Will that make other states bluer?|url=https://www.natesilver.net/p/sbsq-6-people-are-fleeing-california|access-date=March 2, 2024|website=www.natesilver.net|language=en}}</ref> The modest population growth in the state has been concentrated in the southern coastal counties; with more diverse populations slowly moving into these areas of the state. However, the northern, more rural areas of the state have experienced a slight decline in population from 2010 to 2016.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.pressherald.com/2017/05/26/interactive-population-change-maine-towns-2010-2016/|title=Interactive: Population change in Maine towns, 2010-2016|date=May 26, 2017|work=Portland Press Herald|access-date=January 15, 2018}}</ref>

As of 2020, Maine has the highest population age 65 or older in the United States.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.prb.org/resources/which-us-states-are-the-oldest/|title=Which States Have the Oldest Populations|date=December 21, 2021|work=PRB|access-date=December 10, 2022}}</ref>

According to the [[2010 United States census|2010 census]], Maine has the highest percentage of non-Hispanic [[White American|White]] of any state, at 94.4% of the total population. In 2011, 89.0% of all births in the state were to non-Hispanic White parents.<ref>"[http://www.cleveland.com/datacentral/index.ssf/2012/06/americas_under_age_1_populatio.html Americans under age{{nbsp}}1 now mostly minorities, but not in Ohio: Statistical Snapshot]". ''[[The Plain Dealer]]''. June 3, 2012.</ref> Maine also has the second-highest residential senior population.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://srcarecenter.com/data/senior-statistics/|publisher=SrCareCenter.com|title=Important Statistics On The Senior Population|date=May 22, 2019|access-date=January 28, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200128202420/https://srcarecenter.com/data/senior-statistics/|archive-date=January 28, 2020|url-status=live}}</ref>

According to [[United States Department of Housing and Urban Development|HUD]]'s 2022 [[Annual Homeless Assessment Report to Congress|Annual Homeless Assessment Report]], there were an estimated 4,411 [[Homelessness in Maine|homeless]] people in Maine.<ref>{{Cite web|title=2007-2022 PIT Counts by State|url=https://view.officeapps.live.com/op/view.aspx?src=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.huduser.gov%2Fportal%2Fsites%2Fdefault%2Ffiles%2Fxls%2F2007-2022-PIT-Counts-by-State.xlsx&wdOrigin=BROWSELINK}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=The 2022 Annual Homelessness Assessment Report (AHAR) to Congress|url=https://www.huduser.gov/portal/sites/default/files/pdf/2022-AHAR-Part-1.pdf}}</ref>

The table below shows the racial composition of Maine's population as of 2016.
{|class="wikitable sortable collapsible nowrap" style="font-size: 90%; text-align: right; display:inline-table;"
|+ '''Maine racial composition of population'''<ref name="ACS2016DEMO">{{cite web|title=2016 American Community Survey—Demographic and Housing Estimates|url=https://factfinder.census.gov/bkmk/table/1.0/en/ACS/16_5YR/DP05/0400000US23|publisher=United States Census Bureau|access-date=November 21, 2018|archive-url=https://archive.today/20200213005711/https://factfinder.census.gov/bkmk/table/1.0/en/ACS/16_5YR/DP05/0400000US23|archive-date=February 13, 2020|url-status=dead}}</ref>
|-
! Race !! Population (2016 est.) !! Percentage
|-
| style="text-align: left;" | ''Total population'' || ''1,329,923'' || ''100%''
|-
| style="text-align: left;" | [[White American|White]] || 1,260,476 || 94.8%
|-
| style="text-align: left;" | [[African American|Black or African American]] || 16,303 || 1.2%
|-
| style="text-align: left;" | [[Native Americans in the United States|American Indian and Alaska Native]] || 8,013 || 0.6%
|-
| style="text-align: left;" | [[Asian American|Asian]] || 14,643 || 1.1%
|-
| style="text-align: left;" | [[Pacific Islander American|Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander]] || 211 || 0.0%
|-
| style="text-align: left;" | [[Race and ethnicity in the United States Census|Some other race]] || 3,151 || 0.2%
|-
| style="text-align: left;" | [[Multiracial American|Two or more races]] || 27,126 || 2.0%
|}

According to the 2016 [[American Community Survey]], 1.5% of Maine's population were of [[Hispanic and Latino Americans|Hispanic or Latino]] origin (of any race): [[Mexican American|Mexican]] (0.4%), [[Puerto Ricans|Puerto Rican]] (0.4%), [[Cuban American|Cuban]] (0.1%), and other Hispanic or Latino origin (0.6%).<ref name="ACS2016DEMO"/> The six largest ancestry groups were: [[English American|English]] (20.7%), [[Irish American|Irish]] (17.3%), [[French American|French]] (15.7%), [[German American|German]] (8.1%), [[American ancestry|American]] (7.8%) and [[French-Canadian Americans|French Canadian]] (7.7%).<ref>{{cite web|title=2016 American Community Survey—Selected Social Characteristics|url=https://factfinder.census.gov/bkmk/table/1.0/en/ACS/16_5YR/DP02/0400000US23|publisher=United States Census Bureau|access-date=November 21, 2018|archive-url=https://archive.today/20200213005513/https://factfinder.census.gov/bkmk/table/1.0/en/ACS/16_5YR/DP02/0400000US23|archive-date=February 13, 2020|url-status=dead}}</ref>

People citing that they are [[American ethnicity|American]] are of overwhelmingly English descent, but have ancestry that has been in the region for so long (often since the 17th century) that they choose to identify simply as Americans.<ref name="Pulera2004">{{cite book|author=Dominic Pulera|title=Sharing the Dream: White Males in Multicultural America|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=SVoAXh-dNuYC&pg=PA57|date=October 20, 2004|publisher=A&C Black|isbn=978-0-8264-1643-8|pages=57–}}</ref><ref>Stanley Lieberson and Lawrence Santi, "The Use of Nativity Data to Estimate Ethnic Characteristics and Patterns", ''Social Science Research'', Vol. 14, No. 1 (1985), pp. 44–6.</ref><ref>Stanley Lieberson and Mary C. Waters, "Ethnic Groups in Flux: The Changing Ethnic Responses of American Whites", ''Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science'', Vol. 487, No. 79 (September 1986), pp. 82–86.</ref><ref>Mary C. Waters, ''Ethnic Options: Choosing Identities in America'' (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1990), p. 36.</ref><ref>''French Canadian Emigration to the United States 1840–1930''. Claude Bélanger, Department of History, Marianopolis College.{{when|date=September 2022}}</ref><ref>''French-Canadian Americans'' by Marianne Fedunkiw.{{when|date=September 2022}}</ref>{{Excessive citations inline|date=April 2023}}

Maine has the highest percentage of [[French Americans]] of any state. Most of them are of [[French Canadian American|Canadian]] origin, but in some cases have been living there since prior to the [[American Revolutionary War]]. There are particularly high concentrations in the northern part of Maine in [[Aroostook County, Maine|Aroostook County]], which is part of a cultural region known as [[Acadia]] that goes over the border into [[New Brunswick]]. Along with the [[Acadians|Acadian]] population in the north, many French-Canadians came from [[Quebec]] as immigrants between 1840 and 1930.

The upper [[Saint John River (Bay of Fundy)|Saint John River]] valley area was once part of the so-called [[Republic of Madawaska]], before the frontier was decided in the [[Webster-Ashburton Treaty]] of 1842. Over a quarter of the population of Lewiston, [[Waterville, Maine|Waterville]], and [[Biddeford]] are Franco-American. Most of the residents of the [[Mid Coast]] and [[Down East]] sections are chiefly of British heritage. Smaller numbers of various other groups, including [[Irish American|Irish]], [[Italian American|Italian]], [[Swedish Americans|Swedish]]<ref>{{cite web|title=Bringing in the Swedes|url=https://www.mainememory.net/sitebuilder/site/795/page/1205/display|website=Maine History Online |first1=Candace |last1=Kanes |access-date=January 8, 2024}}</ref> and [[Polish American|Polish]], have settled throughout the state since the late 19th and early 20th century [[immigration]] waves.

Today there are four [[List of federally recognized tribes by state|federally recognized]] tribes in Maine, including the [[Mi'kmaq Nation]]. In 2020, 7,885 identified as being Native American alone, and 25,617 did in combination with one or more other races.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Race and Ethnicity in the United States: 2010 Census and 2020 Census|url=https://www.census.gov/library/visualizations/interactive/race-and-ethnicity-in-the-united-state-2010-and-2020-census.html |date= August 12, 2021 |website=U.S. Census Bureau }}</ref>

====Birth data====
''Note: Births in table do not sum to 100% because Hispanics are counted both by their ethnicity and by their race.''
{| class="wikitable" style="font-size: 90%;"
|+Live births by single race/ethnicity of mother
|-
! [[Race and ethnicity in the United States Census|Race]]
! 2013<ref>{{cite journal |url=https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/nvsr/nvsr64/nvsr64_01.pdf|title=Births: Final Data for 2013|publisher=Centers for Disease Control and Prevention |journal =National Vital Statistics Reports |volume =64|issue=1 |date=January 15, 2015 |first1=Joyce A. |last1=Martin|first2=Brady E. |last2=Hamilton|first3=Michelle J.K. |last3=Osterman|first4=Sally C. |last4=Curtin|first5=T.J. |last5=Mathews |pages=1–65 |pmid=25603115 }}</ref>
! 2014<ref>{{cite journal |url=https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/nvsr/nvsr64/nvsr64_12.pdf |title=Births: Final Data for 2014 |publisher=Centers for Disease Control and Prevention |journal =National Vital Statistics Reports |volume =64|issue=12 |date=December 23, 2015  |first1=Joyce A. |last1=Martin|first2=Brady E. |last2=Hamilton|first3=Michelle J.K. |last3=Osterman|first4=Sally C. |last4=Curtin|first5=T.J. |last5=Mathews |pages=1–64 |pmid=26727629 }}</ref>
! 2015<ref>{{cite journal |url=https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/nvsr/nvsr66/nvsr66_01.pdf |title=Births: Final Data for 2015 |publisher=Centers for Disease Control and Prevention |journal =National Vital Statistics Reports |volume =66 |issue=1 |date=January 5, 2017 |first1=Joyce A. |last1=Martin|first2=Brady E. |last2=Hamilton|first3=Michelle J.K. |last3=Osterman|first4=Anne K.  |last4=Driscoll |first5=T.J. |last5=Mathews |page=1 |pmid=28135188 }}</ref>
! 2016<ref>{{cite journal |url=https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/nvsr/nvsr67/nvsr67_01.pdf |title=Births: Final Data for 2016|publisher=Centers for Disease Control and Prevention |journal =National Vital Statistics Reports |volume =67 |issue=1 |date=January 31, 2018 |first1=Joyce A. |last1=Martin|first2=Brady E. |last2=Hamilton|first3=Michelle J.K. |last3=Osterman|first4=Anne K.  |last4=Driscoll |first5=Patrick |last5=Drake |pages=1–55 |pmid=29775434 }}</ref>
! 2017<ref>{{cite journal |url=https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/nvsr/nvsr67/nvsr67_08-508.pdf|title=Births: Final Data for 2017|volume=67|number=8 |publisher=Centers for Disease Control and Prevention |journal =National Vital Statistics Reports |first1=Joyce A. |last1=Martin|first2=Brady E. |last2=Hamilton|first3=Michelle J.K. |last3=Osterman|first4=Anne K.  |last4=Driscoll |first5=Patrick |last5=Drake |date=November 7, 2018|pages=1–50 |pmid=30707672 |access-date=July 5, 2021}}</ref>
! 2018<ref>
{{cite web|url=https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/nvsr/nvsr68/nvsr68_13-508.pdf|title=Data|website=Cdc.gov|access-date=December 2, 2019}}</ref>
! 2019<ref>
{{cite web|url=https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/nvsr/nvsr70/nvsr70-02-508.pdf|title=Data|website=Cdc.gov|access-date=March 29, 2021}}</ref>
! 2020<ref>
{{cite web|url=https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/nvsr/nvsr70/nvsr70-17.pdf|title=Data|website=Centers for Disease Control and Prevention|access-date=February 20, 2022}}</ref>
! 2021<ref>
{{cite web|url=https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/nvsr/nvsr72/nvsr72-01.pdf|title=Data|website=Centers for Disease Control and Prevention|access-date=February 3, 2022}}</ref>
! 2022<ref>
{{cite web|url=https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/nvsr/nvsr73/nvsr73-02.pdf|title=Data|website=www.cdc.gov|access-date=April 5, 2024}}</ref>
! 2023<ref>
{{cite web|url=https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/nvsr/nvsr74/nvsr74-1.pdf|title=Data|website=www.cdc.gov|access-date=April 11, 2025}}</ref>
|-
| > [[Non-Hispanic White|White]]
| 11,774 (92.1%)
| 11,654 (91.8%)
| 11,563 (91.7%)
| 11,484 (90.4%)
| 10,958 (89.1%)
| 11,022 (89.5%)
| 10,401 (88.3%)
| 10,231 (88.7%)
| 10,619 (88.4%)
| 10,640 (88.0%)
| 10,015 (86.1%)
|-
| [[African Americans|Black]]
| 455 (3.6%)
| 450 (3.5%)
| 473 (3.7%)
| 411 (3.2%)
| 545 (4.4%)
| 546 (4.4%)
| 541 (4.6%)
| 514 (4.5%)
| 551 (4.6%)
| 679 (5.6%)
| 790 (6.8%)
|-
| [[Asian Americans|Asian]]
| 253 (2.0%)
| 248 (1.9%)
| 186 (1.5%)
| 192 (1.5%)
| 219 (1.8%)
| 202 (1.6%)
| 217 (1.8%)
| 195 (1.7%)
| 197 (1.6%)
| 163 (1.3%)
| 199 (1.7%)
|-
| [[Native Americans in the United States|American Indian]]
| 118 (0.9%)
| 158 (1.2%)
| 143 (1.1%)
| 97 (0.7%)
| 88 (0.7%)
| 99 (0.8%)
| 96 (0.8%)
| 85 (0.7%)
| 71 (0.6%)
| 76 (0.7%)
| 70 (0.6%)
|-
| ''[[Hispanic and Latino Americans|Hispanic]]'' (of any race)
| ''172'' (1.3%)
| ''200'' (1.6%)
| ''251'' (2.0%)
| ''238'' (1.9%)
| ''229'' (1.9%)
| ''224'' (1.8%)
| ''257'' (2.2%)
| ''258'' (2.2%)
| ''305'' (2.5%)
| ''338'' (2.8%)
| ''334'' (2.9%)
|-
| '''Total'''
| '''12,776''' (100%)
| '''12,698''' (100%)
| '''12,607''' (100%)
| '''12,705''' (100%)
| '''12,298''' (100%)
| '''12,311''' (100%)
| '''11,779''' (100%)
| '''11,539''' (100%)
| '''12,006''' (100%)
| '''12,093''' (100%)
| '''11,627''' (100%)
|}

* Since 2016, data for births of [[White Hispanic and Latino Americans|White Hispanic]] origin are not collected, but included in one ''Hispanic'' group; persons of Hispanic origin may be of any race.

In 2018, The top countries of origin for Maine's immigrants were [[Canada]], the [[Philippines]], [[Germany]], [[India]] and [[Korea]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.americanimmigrationcouncil.org/sites/default/files/research/immigrants_in_maine.pdf|title=Immigrants in Maine}}</ref>