Editing Ludwig von Bertalanffy (section)

=== General system theory ===
In the late 1920s, the Soviet philosopher [[Alexander Bogdanov]] pioneered "''Tektology''", whom [[Johann Plenge]] referred to as the theory of "general systems".<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Plenge |first=Johann |date=1927 |title=Um die Allgemeine Organisationslehre |url=https://ia802808.us.archive.org/1/items/PlengeReviewOfTektology/Plenge%20Review%20of%20Tektology.pdf |journal=Weltwirtschaftliches Archiv Review of World Economics |volume=25 |pages=18–29 |via=[[Internet Archive]]}}</ref> However, in the West, Bertalanffy is widely recognized for the development of a theory known as [[Systems theory|general system theory]] (GST). The theory attempted to provide alternatives to conventional models of [[organization]]. GST defined new foundations and developments as a generalized theory of systems with applications to numerous areas of study, emphasizing [[holism]] over reductionism, [[organism]] over mechanism.

Foundational to GST are the inter-relationships between elements which all together form the whole.