Editing Lotus 1-2-3 (section)

== {{anchor|WKS|WK1|WJ1|WK2|WJ2|WK3|WJ3|WK4|WJ4|WK5|123}}PC version history ==

=== DOS ===

==== {{anchor|1|1A|2|2J|2.01|2.1J|2.1J+|2.2|2.2J|2.3|2.3J|2.4|2.4J|2.5J}}Real Mode (8088+) ====
[[Image:Lotus 1-2-3 on PC-98 DOS spreadsheet.jpg|thumb|right|Lotus 1-2-3 R2.2J Japanese version in action]]
These editions of 1-2-3 for DOS were primarily written in [[x86 assembly language]].
* Release 1 was the first release for DOS-based PCs. Introduced in January 1983.<ref name="Walkenbach_2007_VBA">{{cite book |title=Excel 2007 Power Programming with VBA |chapter=Chapter One: Excel 2007: Where It Came From |url=https://archive.org/details/excel2007powerpr2007walk/ |url-access=registration |author-first=John |author-last=Walkenbach |publisher=[[John Wiley & Sons, Ltd]] |date=2007 |isbn=978-0-470-04401-8 |lccn=2006939606 |chapter-url=https://www.worldcat.org/wcpa/servlet/DCARead?standardNo=9780470044018&standardNoType=1&excerpt=true |access-date=2016-11-29 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161130105402/https://www.worldcat.org/wcpa/servlet/DCARead?standardNo=9780470044018&standardNoType=1&excerpt=true |archive-date=2016-11-30}}</ref>
* Release 1A in April 1983<ref name="Walkenbach_2007_VBA"/><ref name="umd123">{{cite web |title=Lotus 1-2-3 |url=http://www.cs.umd.edu/class/spring2002/cmsc434-0101/MUIseum/applications/lotus123.html |website=University of Maryland |access-date=2014-10-29 |archive-date=27 September 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170927092154/http://www.cs.umd.edu/class/spring2002/cmsc434-0101/MUIseum/applications/lotus123.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> Officially supported [[ASCII]], unofficially supported the IBM extended character set (but not LICS).<ref name="Attia_2015_L2"/><ref name="Schemenaur"/>
* Release 2 brought add-in support, better memory management and [[expanded memory]] support, supported [[x87|x87 math coprocessors]], and introduced support for the [[Lotus International Character Set]] (LICS).<ref name="Schemenaur">{{cite magazine |title=Firm to Debut Clone Version of Lotus 1-2-3 - Program Offers 2.0 Compatibility |author-first=P. J. |author-last=Schemenaur |date=1986-10-27 |magazine=[[InfoWorld]] |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mTwEAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA8 |volume=8 |issue=43 |access-date=2016-11-29 |quote=[…] Twin Release 2 keeps the IBM extended character set of Version 1A, rather than Release 2.0's [[Lotus International Character Set]], which […] causes problems with commercial templates designed for Lotus 1-2-3, Release 1A. […]}}</ref><ref name="Attia_2015_L2">{{cite web |title=ASCII graphic characters, range names |publisher=Computer Tips |author-first=Zayn 'Utbah |author-last=Attia |date=2015-03-11 |url=https://onlinetechstrixes.blogspot.de/2015/03/ascii-graphic-charactersrange-names.html |access-date=2016-11-29 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161130230247/https://onlinetechstrixes.blogspot.de/2015/03/ascii-graphic-charactersrange-names.html |archive-date=30 November 2016 |quote=[…] Release 1A's capability to use extended graphics characters to dress up a screen was an [[undocumented feature]]. These characters allowed you to draw boxes and add special symbols on the screen. With Release 2, Lotus has assigned different meanings to these characters, the [[Lotus International Character Set]], LICS. Any these extended characters must be erased or replaced with regular keyboard characters before the character can appear acceptable on an Release 2 screen. Release 2.01 offers an install option to use extended characters rather than LICS characters. […] }}</ref><ref name="Cobb_1988_123">{{cite journal |title=Spreadsheet clinic: How to adjust SuperCalc's financial functions to analyze annuities due, create flashing screen messages in 1-2-3, and access upper-level ASCII characters in Quattro and 1-2-3. |date=1988-10-31 |journal=[[PC Magazine]] |author-first1=Douglas |author-last1=Cobb |author-first2=Steven |author-last2=Cobb |page=411 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0VKjwnGrhNwC&pg=PA411 |access-date=2016-12-01 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161202023719/https://books.google.com/books?id=0VKjwnGrhNwC&pg=PA411&lpg=PA411 |archive-date=2016-12-02 |quote=[…] Unlike 1-2-3, [[Borland Quattro|Quattro]] uses the [[ASCII]] character set. By default, 1-2-3, Release 2.01, uses the [[Lotus International Character Set]] (LICS) — the same character set that Release 2.0 always uses […] you can command Release 2.01 to use the ASCII character set, just as Quattro does. […] load the install program, and select Advanced Options […] select TextDisplay […] choose Universal Text Display – ASCII-No LICS […] Now, when you load 1-2-3 using the modified driver set, the @CHAR function will produce upper-level ASCII characters […]}} (NB. By "Upper-level ASCII", the authors actually meant the 8-bit [[OEM character set]].)</ref><ref name="Lee_1993_100LX">{{cite magazine |title=HP 100LX rolled out as successor to palmtop |magazine=[[InfoWorld]] |author-first=Yvonne |author-last=Lee |date=1993-05-03 |page=27 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QjsEAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA27 |volume=15 |issue=18 |access-date=2016-11-26}}</ref> Introduced in September 1985.<ref name="Walkenbach_2007_VBA"/><ref name="umd123"/><ref name="Lotus_1989_Compatibility">{{cite book |title=Lotus 1-2-3 Version 3.1 Upgrader's Handbuch |language=de |trans-title=Upgrader's handbook |chapter=Kapitel 4. Kompatibilität mit anderen 1-2-3 Versionen - Zeichensätze |trans-chapter=Chapter 4. Compatility with other 1-2-3 Versions - Character Sets |edition=1 |pages=4-10–4-11 |date=1989 |publisher=[[Lotus Development Corporation]] |location=Cambridge, MA, USA |id=302173}}</ref> The Japanese version Lotus 1-2-3 Release 2J for [[PC-9800 series|NEC PC-98]] computers was released on 1986-09-05.<ref>{{cite magazine|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=by8EAAAAMBAJ&q=infoworld%20lotus%20japan&pg=PA9|title=Lotus Perseveres to Unveil Japanese Version of 1-2-3|date=1986-09-08|magazine=[[InfoWorld]]|pages=9 |volume=8 |issue=36 |access-date=2016-05-02|author=Edward Warner}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|title=パソコンソフト世界最大の米ロ社上陸に揺れる、発売早々国内トップ。|date=1986-10-14|newspaper=[[The Nikkei|Nihon Keizai Shimbun]]|volume=Morning|page=20|language=ja}}</ref>
* Release 2.01 in July 1986.<ref name="Walkenbach_2007_VBA"/> Introduced an option to switch between LICS and the IBM extended character set.<ref name="Schemenaur"/><ref name="Cobb_1988_123"/>
* The Japanese version Lotus 1-2-3 Release 2.1J for NEC PC-98 computers was released in October 1987.<ref>{{Cite journal|year=1987|title=ASCII EXPRESS: ロータスが1-2-3のバージョンアップ版とアドイン日本語ワープロ「4Word」を発表|journal=[[ASCII (magazine)|ASCII]]|language=ja|volume=11|issue=10}}</ref> A version Lotus 1-2-3 Release 2.1J+ followed in February 1989.<ref>{{Cite journal|date=1989-07-24|title=表計算ソフトの新しい世界 : 第2部 徹底比較研究 : 代表的表計算ソフト|journal=日経パソコン|language=ja|publisher=[[Nikkei Business Publications]]|page=198}}</ref>
* Release 2.2 brought improved speed, automated macro tools, and presentation-quality graphics. Introduced in 1989.<ref name="NYT123-89">{{cite news |author-last=Lewis |author-first=Peter H. |title=THE EXECUTIVE COMPUTER; Sorting Out Lotus's New 1-2-3's |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1989/08/13/business/the-executive-computer-sorting-out-lotus-s-new-1-2-3-s.html?pagewanted=all | url-access=limited |access-date=2015-01-11 |journal=[[The New York Times]] |date=1989-08-13}}</ref> The Japanese version Lotus 1-2-3 Release 2.2J was released in February 1990.<ref>{{Cite journal|year=1990|title=ASCII EXPRESS : ロータス、1-2-3をバージョンアップ|journal=[[ASCII (magazine)|ASCII]]|language=ja|volume=14|issue=3}}</ref>
* Release 2.3 brought [[WYSIWYG]] editing to the 2.x line. Introduced in 1991.<ref name="ems123">{{cite web |title=Lotus 1-2-3 Version Information |url=http://www.emsps.com/oldtools/lotus123v.htm |website=EMS Professional Software |access-date=2014-10-29}}</ref> The Japanese version Lotus 1-2-3 Release 2.3J was released in September 1991.<ref>{{Cite journal|year=1990|title=ASCII EXPRESS : ロータスがOS/2対応のLotus 1-2-3 R3Jを開発|journal=[[ASCII (magazine)|ASCII]]|language=ja|volume=14|issue=5}}</ref>
* Release 2.4 added icons and additional tools, and was the last release supporting 2D (only) spreadsheets. Introduced in 1992.<ref>{{cite magazine |author-last=Walkenbach |author-first=John |title=Lotus Dresses Up 1-2-3 with Smart Icons |magazine=[[InfoWorld]] |date=1992-06-01 |volume=14 |issue=22 |pages=73, 76 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=XFEEAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA73 |access-date=2014-10-23}}</ref><ref name="Kamenz_1992_DB">{{cite book |author-first1=Alfred |author-last1=Kamenz |author-first2=Helmut |author-last2=Vonhoegen |title=Das große Buch zu Lotus 1-2-3 für DOS |language=de |edition=1 |date=1992 |publisher=[[Data Becker]] |isbn=3-89011-375-3}}</ref> The Japanese version Lotus 1-2-3 Release 2.4J was released in September 1993.<ref>{{Cite news|title=ロータスが新版、「MS-DOS」対応ソフト―表計算のシート上で|date=1993-08-04|newspaper=[[The Nikkei|Nikkei Sangyo Shimbun]]|page=6|language=ja}}</ref>
* In July 1995, Lotus released Lotus 1-2-3 Release 2.5J for DOS.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www2.lotus.co.jp/info_qa/2456.htm|title=Ｑ＆Ａ集 1-2-3 R2.5J MS-DOS対応版 発売日・パッケージ内容を教えてください|language=ja|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/19991001192716/http://www2.lotus.co.jp/info_qa/2456.htm|archive-date=1999-10-01|access-date=2016-08-04}}</ref>

==== {{anchor|3|3.1|3.1+|3.4|4|Home}}Protected Mode (80286+) ====
These editions of 1-2-3 for DOS were primarily written in [[C (programming language)|C]].
* Release 3 introduced the concept of 3D spreadsheets, utilized [[extended memory]], supported having multiple files open simultaneously, and required an 80286-based PC or higher. It also introduced support for the [[Lotus Multi-Byte Character Set]] (LMBCS).<ref name="Balaban_2001_LMBCS">{{cite web |title=Multi-Language Character Sets - What They Are, How To Use Them |author-first=Bob |author-last=Balaban |date=2001 |publisher=Looseleaf Software, Inc. |url=http://www.bobzblog.com/tuxedoguy.nsf/dx/multilanguage.pdf/$file/multilanguage.pdf |access-date=2016-11-25 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161125174612/http://www.bobzblog.com/tuxedoguy.nsf/dx/multilanguage.pdf/%24file/multilanguage.pdf |archive-date=25 November 2016 }}</ref><ref name="Lotus_1989_Compatibility"/> Introduced in March 1989.<ref name="umd123"/><ref name="NYT123-89"/><ref name="Balaban_2001_LMBCS"/><ref name="Walkenbach_2007_VBA"/> The test was performed with 16 MHz system with the [[Intel 80387SX|387SX-16]] math coprocessor using the mortgage payment schedule file resulting 33 seconds without math coprocessor and 10 seconds with it.<ref>[https://archive.org/details/199105imcpig Intel Corporation, "Intel Math CoProcessor Pocket Information Guide", CP1-334/0591/100K/DG LH, 1991, page 8]</ref>
* Releases 3.1 and 3.1+<ref name="Kamenz_1992_DB"/> added WYSIWYG capabilities, the ability to swap to disk allowing for larger files (up to 64 MB), and could be run as a DOS program under [[Windows 3.0]] and OS/2. Introduced in 1990.<ref>{{cite magazine |author-last=Walkenbach |author-first=John |title=Lotus 1-2-3, Release 3.1 Has Publishing-Quality Output |magazine=[[InfoWorld]] |date=1990-10-15 |volume=12 |issue=42 |pages=91–92, 96 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LjwEAAAAMBAJ&pg=PT78 |access-date=2015-01-12}}</ref>
* Release 3.4 added icons, improved performance, and enhanced graph capabilities, making it functionally similar to Release 2.4. Introduced in 1992.<ref>{{cite magazine |author-last=Walkenbach |author-first=John |title=Lotus updates, accelerates 1-2-3 for DOS |magazine=[[InfoWorld]] |date=1993-02-15 |volume=15 |issue=7 |pages=57, 60–61 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ujsEAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA57 |access-date=2014-10-29}}</ref>
* Lotus 1-2-3 for Home, 1992
* Release 4 was the last release for DOS. More an upgrade to Release 3.4 than in line with Release 3 for Windows, it contains an improved interface and new features, including Version Manager, a spell checker, context-sensitive help, and cell comments. Introduced in May 1994.<ref>{{cite magazine |author-last=Singh |author-first=Jai |title=Lotus Readies 1-2-3 Upgrade |magazine=[[InfoWorld]] |date=1994-05-16 |volume=16 |issue=20 |page=10 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nTgEAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA10 |access-date=2014-10-23}}</ref><ref name="Walkenbach_2007_VBA"/>

=== {{anchor|G|G1|G1.1|G2|G2.1}}OS/2 ===
* '''Lotus 1-2-3/G''' Release 1. OS/2 text mode application<!-- not Presentation Manager --> introduced support for the [[Lotus Multi-Byte Character Set]] (LMBCS) together with the Release 3.0 for DOS in summer 1989.<ref name="Balaban_2001_LMBCS"/><ref name="Walkenbach_2007_VBA"/>
* Release 1.1. Introduced in 1991.<ref>{{cite web |title=1-2-3/G for OS/2, Release 1.1 |url=http://www.lotusmuseum.com/pages/123G_OS2_R1.1 |website=Lotus Museum |access-date=2014-10-29 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141108092358/http://www.lotusmuseum.com/pages/123G_OS2_R1.1 |archive-date=8 November 2014}}</ref>
* Release 2. Introduced in 1992.<ref name="guisplash123">{{cite web |title=Splashes 1-2-3 |url=http://www.guidebookgallery.org/splashes/1-2-3 |website=Graphical User Interface Gallery Guidebook |access-date=2014-10-29}}</ref>
* Release 2.1. Introduced in 1994.<ref name="guisplash123"/>

=== {{anchor|W}}Windows ===
==== {{anchor|W1|W1J|W1.1J|W4|W4J|W5|W5J}}Win16 (Windows 3.x) ====
* '''Lotus 1-2-3/W''' Release 1 was the first release for Windows, requiring [[Windows 3.0]] or higher, was 16-bit, and was functionally equivalent to Release 3.x for DOS. Introduced in 1991.<ref name="umd123"/><ref name="Walkenbach_2007_VBA"/> The Japanese version Lotus 1-2-3/Windows R1.0J was released on 1991-11-15.<ref>{{Cite news|title=ロータス、「1-2-3」発表、日本語版W3.0対応|date=1991-09-19|newspaper=[[The Nikkei|Nikkei Sangyo Shimbun]]|page=9|language=ja}}</ref>
* The version Lotus 1-2-3/Windows R1.1J was released on 1992-6-2.<ref>{{Cite news|title=ロータス、「1-2-3」最新版―書体設定など多様に|date=1992-06-02|newspaper=[[The Nikkei|Nikkei Sangyo Shimbun]]|page=6}}</ref>
* Release 4 was an extensive improvement that added [[groupware]] capabilities, improved integration with [[Lotus Notes]], advanced graphics, context-sensitive menus and icons, and in-cell editing. Introduced in June 1993.<ref>{{cite magazine |author-last=Strehlo |author-first=Kevin |title=Lotus significantly improves usability in 1-2-3, Release 4 |magazine=[[InfoWorld]] |date=1993-05-24 |volume=15 |issue=21 |page=172 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PTsEAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA172 |access-date=2015-01-24}}</ref><ref name="Walkenbach_2007_VBA"/> A Japanese Lotus 1-2-3/Windows Release 4J was released 1993-07-16.<ref>{{Cite news|title=ロータス、ウィンドウズ3.1対応ソフト4製品を投入―「表計算」など対象|date=1993-06-16|newspaper=[[The Nikkei|Nikkei Sangyo Shimbun]]|page=6|language=ja}}</ref>
* Release 5 added additional groupware capabilities, chart maps, and improved database access. This was the last 16-bit version for [[Windows 3.1x]], and was available as part of SmartSuite 3.1, 4, and 4.5. Introduced in mid-1994.<ref>{{cite magazine |author-last=Conatser |author-first=Kelly |title=Lotus navigates steady course with 1-2-3 |magazine=[[InfoWorld]] |date=1994-10-03 |volume=16 |issue=40 |pages=85–86, 88, 90 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=aDgEAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA85 |access-date=2015-01-24}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |author-last=Rose |author-first=Daniel |title=Windows 1.x, 2.x, 3.x - Lotus SmartSuite Release 3.1 |url=http://www.danielsays.com/ss-gallery-win1x2x3x-lotus-smartsuite-31.html |website=Daniel's Legacy Computer Collections |access-date=2015-01-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150127061456/http://www.danielsays.com/ss-gallery-win1x2x3x-lotus-smartsuite-31.html |archive-date=27 January 2015 |url-status=dead}}</ref> The Japanese version Lotus 1-2-3/Windows Release 5J was released on 1994-09-22.

==== {{anchor|W97|W97J|W98|W98J|W2000J|W2001J|}}Win32 (Windows 9x/NT) ====
* The ''97 Edition'' was the first 32-bit version, requiring [[Windows 95]] or [[NT 4.0|Windows NT 4.0]], and had a changed interface and support for LotusScript. Introduced in 1997.<ref name="umd123"/> The Japanese-language version Lotus 1-2-3 97J was released on 1997-04-11.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www2.lotus.co.jp/info_qa/231a.htm |title=Ｑ＆Ａ集 1-2-3 97 発売日・パッケージ内容を教えてください|publisher=Lotus Development Japan. Ltd. |language=Japanese |archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/19991010022935/http://www2.lotus.co.jp/info_qa/231a.htm |archivedate=1999-10-10 |access-date=2016-08-04}}</ref>
* The Japanese-language Lotus 1-2-3 98J was released on 1998-06-05,<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www2.lotus.co.jp/info_qa/269e.htm |title=Ｑ＆Ａ集 1-2-3 98 発売日・パッケージ内容を教えてください |publisher=Lotus Development Japan. Ltd. |language=Japanese |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/19991117022812/http://www2.lotus.co.jp/info_qa/269e.htm |archive-date=1999-11-17 |access-date=2016-08-04}}</ref> followed by Lotus 1-2-3 2000J on 1999-07-02, and by Lotus 1-2-3 2001J on 2001-07-27.
{{pic|Lotus 1-2-3 9.8 icon.png|Icon&nbsp;of Lotus&nbsp;1-2-3 version&nbsp;9.8}}
* The Millennium Edition (version 9.8) contained new functions, improved Y2K support, Internet support, and better Excel compatibility. This is the last version of 1-2-3 for any platform, and has received maintenance releases through Fixpack 2. Introduced in 2002.<ref name="umd123"/>