Editing Lisp (programming language) (section)

==Major dialects==
[[Common Lisp]] and [[Scheme (programming language)|Scheme]] represent two major streams of Lisp development. These languages embody significantly different design choices.

[[Common Lisp]] is a successor to [[Maclisp]]. The primary influences were [[Lisp Machine Lisp]], Maclisp, [[NIL (programming language)|NIL]], [[S-1 Lisp]], [[Spice Lisp]], and Scheme.<ref name="uMuJD">Chapter 1.1.2, History, ANSI CL Standard</ref> It has many of the features of Lisp Machine Lisp (a large Lisp dialect used to program [[Lisp Machine]]s), but was designed to be efficiently implementable on any personal computer or workstation. Common Lisp is a general-purpose programming language and thus has a large language standard including many built-in data types, functions, macros and other language elements, and an object system ([[Common Lisp Object System]]). Common Lisp also borrowed certain features from Scheme such as [[lexical scoping]] and [[lexical closure]]s. Common Lisp implementations are available for targeting different platforms such as the [[LLVM]],<ref name="hEWIZ">[https://www.cliki.net/Clasp] Clasp is a Common Lisp implementation that interoperates with C++ and uses LLVM for [[just-in-time compilation]] (JIT) to native code.</ref> the [[Java virtual machine]],<ref name="vBfvI">[https://common-lisp.net/project/armedbear/] "Armed Bear Common Lisp (ABCL) is a full implementation of the Common Lisp language featuring both an interpreter and a compiler, running in the JVM"</ref>
x86-64, PowerPC, Alpha, ARM, Motorola 68000, and MIPS,<ref name="za6Q8">[https://common-lisp.net/~dlw/LispSurvey.html] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180622083812/https://common-lisp.net/~dlw/LispSurvey.html|date=2018-06-22}} Common Lisp Implementations: A Survey</ref> and operating systems such as Windows, macOS, Linux, Solaris, FreeBSD, NetBSD, OpenBSD, Dragonfly BSD, and Heroku.<ref name="QX6kG">[https://www.cliki.net/Common+Lisp+implementation] Comparison of actively developed Common Lisp implementations</ref>

Scheme is a statically scoped and properly tail-recursive dialect of the Lisp programming language invented by [[Guy L. Steele, Jr.]] and [[Gerald Jay Sussman]]. It was designed to have exceptionally clear and simple semantics and few different ways to form expressions. Designed about a decade earlier than Common Lisp, [[Scheme (programming language)|Scheme]] is a more minimalist design. It has a much smaller set of standard features but with certain implementation features (such as [[tail-call optimization]] and full [[continuation]]s) not specified in Common Lisp. A wide variety of programming paradigms, including imperative, functional, and message passing styles, find convenient expression in Scheme. Scheme continues to evolve with a series of standards (Revised<sup>n</sup> Report on the Algorithmic Language Scheme) and a series of [[Scheme Requests for Implementation]].

[[Clojure]] is a dialect of Lisp that targets mainly the [[Java virtual machine]], and the [[Common Language Runtime]] (CLR), the [[Python (programming language)|Python]] VM, the Ruby VM [[YARV]], and compiling to [[JavaScript]]. It is designed to be a pragmatic general-purpose language. Clojure draws considerable influences from [[Haskell]] and places a very strong emphasis on immutability.<ref name="clojure-immutability">[http://www.infoq.com/articles/in-depth-look-clojure-collections An In-Depth Look at Clojure Collections], Retrieved 2012-06-24</ref> Clojure provides access to Java frameworks and libraries, with optional type hints and [[type inference]], so that calls to Java can avoid reflection and enable fast primitive operations. Clojure is not designed to be backwards compatible with other Lisp dialects.<ref name="f6C82">{{cite web |title=Clojure rational |url=https://clojure.org/about/rationale |access-date=27 August 2019 |quote=Clojure is a Lisp not constrained by backwards compatibility}}</ref>

Further, Lisp dialects are used as [[scripting language]]s in many applications, with the best-known being [[Emacs Lisp]] in the [[Emacs]] editor, [[AutoLISP]] and later [[Visual Lisp]] in [[AutoCAD]], Nyquist in [[Audacity (audio editor)|Audacity]], and Scheme in [[LilyPond]]. The potential small size of a useful Scheme interpreter makes it particularly popular for embedded scripting. Examples include [[SIOD]] and [[TinyScheme]], both of which have been successfully embedded in the [[GIMP]] image processor under the generic name "Script-fu".<ref name="script-fu">[http://www.gimp.org/docs/script-fu-update.html Script-fu In GIMP 2.4], Retrieved 2009-10-29</ref> LIBREP, a Lisp interpreter by John Harper originally based on the [[Emacs Lisp]] language, has been embedded in the [[Sawfish (window manager)|Sawfish]] [[window manager]].<ref name="librep">[http://sawfish.wikia.com/wiki/Librep librep] at Sawfish Wikia, retrieved 2009-10-29</ref>

===Standardized dialects===

Lisp has officially standardized dialects: [[Scheme (programming language)#R6RS|R6RS Scheme]], [[Scheme (programming language)#R7RS|R7RS Scheme]], IEEE Scheme,<ref name="LQgpj">{{cite web |url=https://standards.ieee.org/ieee/1178/1787/ |website=IEEE 1178-1990 - IEEE Standard for the Scheme Programming Language |access-date=27 August 2019 |title=IEEE Scheme}}</ref> [[ANSI Common Lisp]] and ISO [[ISLISP]].