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Lillian Moller Gilbreth
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===Author and educator=== Gilbreth had a lifelong interest in teaching and education. As an undergraduate at the University of California, Berkeley, she took enough education courses to earn a teacher's certificate,{{sfnp|Lancaster|2004|p=47}} and her doctoral dissertation at Brown University was on applying the principles of scientific management to secondary school teaching.{{sfnp|Lancaster|2004|p=153}} While residing in [[Providence, Rhode Island]], Gilbreth and her husband taught free, two-week-long summer schools in [[scientific management]] from 1913 to 1916.{{sfnp|Lancaster|2004|p=140}} The Gilbreths also discussed teaching the Gilbreth System of time-and-motion study to members of industry, but it was not until after her husband's death in 1924 that she created a formal motion-study course. Gilbreth presented this idea at the First Prague International Management Congress in [[Prague]] in July 1924. Her first course began in January 1925. Gilbreth's classes offered to "prepare a member of an organization, who has adequate training both in scientific method and in plant problems, to take charge of Motion Study work in that organization."<ref>Lillian Moller Gilbreth, typescript of an advertisement for Gilbreth, Inc., c.134 f. 0830-20, N-File, Gilbreth Collection at [[Purdue University]], as cited in {{harvtxt|Graham|1998|p=96}}</ref> Coursework included laboratory projects and field trips to private firms to witness the application of [[scientific management]].{{sfnp|Graham|1998|p=98}} She ran a total of seven motion study courses out of her home in [[Montclair, New Jersey|Montclair]], [[New Jersey]] until 1930.{{sfnp|Graham|1998|p=100}} To earn additional income to support her large family, Gilbreth delivered numerous addresses to business and industry gatherings, as well as on college and university campuses such as [[Harvard University|Harvard]], [[Yale University|Yale]], [[Colgate University|Colgate]], the [[University of Michigan]], [[Massachusetts Institute of Technology|MIT]], [[Stanford University|Stanford]], and [[Purdue University]].{{sfnp|Weber|1997|pp=40–41}} In 1925 she succeeded her husband as a visiting lecturer at Purdue, where he had been delivering annual lectures.{{sfnp|Graham|1998|p=104}} In 1935 she became a professor of management at Purdue's School of Mechanical Engineering, and the country's first female engineering professor.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Chong |first1=Isis |last2=Proctor |first2=Robert W. |title=Lillian Gilbreth and Amelia Earhart: How an eye toward diversity brought two pioneers together |journal=Ergonomics in Design: The Quarterly of Human Factors Applications |date=April 2021 |volume=29 |issue=2 |pages=13–18 |doi=10.1177/1064804619894399 |s2cid=213663779 }}</ref> She was promoted to a full professor at Purdue in 1940.{{sfnp|Gugin|St. Clair|2015|p=131}}{{sfnp|Kass-Simon|Farnes|1990|p=158}} Gilbreth divided her time between Purdue's departments of [[industrial engineering]], [[industrial psychology]], [[home economics]], and the dean's office, where she consulted on careers for women.{{sfnp|Graham|1998|p=234}} In cooperation with Marvin Mundel, Gilbreth established and supervised a time-and-motion-study laboratory at Purdue's School of Industrial Engineering. She also demonstrated how time-and-motion studies could be used in agricultural studies and later transferred motion-study techniques to the home economics department under the banner of "work simplification".{{sfnp|Graham|1998|p=236}} Gilbreth retired from Purdue's faculty in 1948.{{sfnp|Lancaster|2004}}{{page needed|date=September 2022}} After Gilbreth's retirement from Purdue, she continued to travel and deliver lectures.{{sfnp|Gugin|St. Clair|2015|pp=132–3}} She also taught at several other colleges and universities, and became head of the [[Newark College of Engineering]] in 1941.{{sfnp|Kass-Simon|Farnes|1990|p=158}}<ref>{{cite web|title=Want to Learn More About Pioneering Female Engineer Lillian Gilbreth, Subject of the Once-Again Rising Best-Seller, Cheaper by the Dozen? |publisher=New Jersey Institute of Technology|date=February 13, 2004 |url=http://www.njit.edu/news/2004/2004-016.php }}</ref> Gilbreth was appointed the Knapp Visiting Professor at the [[University of Wisconsin–Madison|University of Wisconsin]]'s School of Engineering in 1955.{{sfnp|Kass-Simon|Farnes|1990|p=158}}{{sfnp|Lancaster|2004|p=339}} She also taught at [[Bryn Mawr College]] and [[Rutgers University]].<ref>{{cite book|author=Ogilvie, Marilyn Bailey |author2=Joy Harvey|author-link=Marilyn Bailey Ogilvie|author2-link=Joy Harvey|title=The Biographical Dictionary of Women in Science: Pioneering Lives From Ancient Times to the Mid-20th Century, Volume 1|year=2000|publisher=Routledge|location=New York|isbn=978-0-415-92038-4|page=[https://archive.org/details/biographicaldict00ogil_0/page/n542 502]|url=https://archive.org/details/biographicaldict00ogil_0|url-access=registration}}</ref> Whilst teaching at Bryn Mawr, she met then student of social economy, [[Anne Gillespie Shaw]], who later worked for Gilbreth Management Consultants, doing commercial research studies and became a lifelong friend and colleague.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Scottish Engineering Hall of Fame|url=http://www.engineeringhalloffame.org/profile-shaw.html|access-date=January 2, 2021|website=www.engineeringhalloffame.org}}</ref> In 1964, at the age of eighty-six, Gilbreth became resident lecturer at [[Massachusetts Institute of Technology]].<ref>{{cite book|last=Kimble|first=Gregory A.|title=Portraits of Pioneers in Psychology|volume=2|year=1996|publisher=Psychology Press|isbn=978-0-8058-2198-7|page=113 |author2=Boneau, C. |author3=Wertheimer, Alan Michael}}</ref> In 1968, when her health finally began to fail, Gilbreth retired from her active public life and eventually entered a nursing home.{{sfnp|Gugin|St. Clair|2015|pp=132-3}}
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