Editing Leonardo da Vinci (section)

=== Second Florentine period (1500–1508) ===
[[File:Leonardo da Vinci - Virgin and Child with Ss Anne and John the Baptist.jpg|thumb|''[[The Virgin and Child with Saint Anne and Saint John the Baptist]]'', {{circa|1499–1508}}, [[National Gallery]], London]]

When Ludovico Sforza was [[Battle of Novara (1500)|overthrown by France]] in 1500, Leonardo fled Milan for [[Venice]], accompanied by his assistant [[Salaì]] and friend, the mathematician [[Luca Pacioli]].{{sfn|Ottino della Chiesa|1967|p=85}} In Venice, Leonardo was employed as a military architect and engineer, devising methods to defend the city from naval attack.{{sfn|Bortolon|1967}} On his return to Florence in 1500, he and his household were guests of the Servite monks at the monastery of [[Santissima Annunziata, Florence|Santissima Annunziata]] and were provided with a workshop where, according to Vasari, Leonardo created the [[The Virgin and Child with Saint Anne (cartoon)|cartoon]] of ''[[The Virgin and Child with Saint Anne and Saint John the Baptist]]'', a work that won such admiration that "men [and] women, young and old" flocked to see it "as if they were going to a solemn festival."<ref name="V265" group="‡" />{{efn|In 2005, the studio was rediscovered during the restoration of part of a building occupied for 100 years by the Department of Military Geography.<ref>{{cite news |first=Richard |last=Owen |title=Found: the studio where Leonardo met Mona Lisa |work=[[The Times]] |date=12 January 2005 |url=https://www.thetimes.com/travel/destinations/uk-travel/england/london-travel/found-the-studio-where-leonardo-met-mona-lisa-8d6lb0tqddk |access-date=5 January 2010 |location=London |archive-date=3 July 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200703053422/https://web.archive.org/web/20200703052246/https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/found-the-studio-where-leonardo-met-mona-lisa-8d6lb0tqddk |url-status=live}}</ref>}}

In [[Cesena]] in 1502, Leonardo entered the service of [[Cesare Borgia]], the son of [[Pope Alexander VI]], acting as a military architect and engineer and travelling throughout Italy with his patron.{{sfn|Ottino della Chiesa|1967|p=85}} Leonardo created a map of Cesare Borgia's stronghold, a town plan of [[Imola]] in order to win his patronage. Upon seeing it, Cesare hired Leonardo as his chief military engineer and architect. Later in the year, Leonardo produced another map for his patron, one of [[Chiana Valley]], Tuscany, so as to give his patron a better overlay of the land and greater strategic position. He created this map in conjunction with his other project of constructing a dam from the sea to Florence, in order to allow a supply of water to sustain the canal during all seasons.

Leonardo had left Borgia's service and returned to Florence by early 1503,{{sfn|Wallace|1972|p=124}} where he rejoined the [[Guild of Saint Luke#Italy|Guild of Saint Luke]] on 18 October of that year. By this same month, Leonardo had begun working on a portrait of [[Lisa del Giocondo]], the model for the ''[[Mona Lisa]]'',<ref>{{cite web |title=Mona Lisa – Heidelberg discovery confirms identity |url=http://www.ub.uni-heidelberg.de/Englisch/news/monalisa.html |publisher=[[University of Heidelberg]] |access-date=4 July 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131105050239/http://www.ub.uni-heidelberg.de/Englisch/news/monalisa.html |archive-date=5 November 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite episode |first=Vincent |last=Delieuvin |author-link=Vincent Delieuvin |title=Télématin |series=Journal Télévisé |network=France 2 Télévision |date=15 January 2008}}</ref> which he would continue working on until his twilight years. In January 1504, he was part of a committee formed to recommend where Michelangelo's statue of ''[[David (Michelangelo)|David]]'' should be placed.<ref>{{cite book |last=Coughlan |first=Robert |title=The World of Michelangelo: 1475–1564 |url=https://archive.org/details/worldofmichaelan0000unse|url-access=limited |others=et al |publisher=Time-Life Books |year=1966 |page=[https://archive.org/details/worldofmichaelan0000unse/page/90 90]}}</ref> He then spent two years in Florence designing and painting a mural of ''[[The Battle of Anghiari (painting)|The Battle of Anghiari]]'' for the Signoria,{{sfn|Ottino della Chiesa|1967|p=85}} with Michelangelo designing its companion piece, ''[[Battle of Cascina (Michelangelo)|The Battle of Cascina]]''.{{efn|Both works are lost. The entire composition of Michelangelo's painting is known from a copy by Aristotole da Sangallo, 1542.<ref>{{cite book |first=Ludwig |last=Goldscheider |title=Michelangelo: paintings, sculptures, architecture |year=1967 |publisher=Phaidon Press |isbn=978-0-7148-1314-1}}</ref> Leonardo's painting is known only from preparatory sketches and several copies of the centre section, of which the best known, and probably least accurate, is by [[Peter Paul Rubens]].{{sfn|Ottino della Chiesa|1967|pp=106–107}}}}

In 1506, Leonardo was summoned to Milan by [[Charles II d'Amboise]], the acting [[Kingdom of France|French governor]] of the city.{{sfn|Wallace|1972|p=145}} There, Leonardo took on another pupil, Count [[Francesco Melzi]], the son of a [[Lombardy|Lombard]] aristocrat, who is considered to have been his favourite student.{{sfn|Bortolon|1967}} The [[Council of Florence]] wished Leonardo to return promptly to finish ''The Battle of Anghiari'', but he was given leave at the behest of [[Louis XII]], who considered commissioning the artist to make some portraits.{{sfn|Wallace|1972|p=145}} Leonardo may have commenced a project for an equestrian figure of d'Amboise;<ref>{{cite journal |title=Achademia Leonardi Vinci |journal=Journal of Leonardo Studies & Bibliography of Vinciana |volume=VIII |pages=243–244 |year=1990}}</ref> [[Horse and Rider (wax sculpture)|a wax model attributed to him]] survives and would be the only extant example of Leonardo's sculpture, but the [[Horse and Rider (wax sculpture)#Attribution and disputes|attribution is not widely accepted]]. Leonardo was otherwise free to pursue his scientific interests.{{sfn|Wallace|1972|p=145}} Many of Leonardo's most prominent pupils either knew or worked with him in Milan,{{sfn|Bortolon|1967}} including [[Bernardino Luini]], [[Giovanni Antonio Boltraffio]], and [[Marco d'Oggiono]]. In 1507, Leonardo was in Florence sorting out a dispute with his brothers over the estate of his father, who had died in 1504.

<gallery widths="165px" heights="165px">
File:Sainte Anne Leonard.jpg|''[[The Virgin and Child with Saint Anne (Leonardo)|The Virgin and Child with Saint Anne]]'', {{circa|1501–1519}}, Louvre, Paris
File:Leonardo da Vinci - Plan of Imola - Google Art Project.jpg|Leonardo's map of [[Imola]], created for [[Cesare Borgia]], 1502
File:Leonardo da Vinci - Study of Two Warriors' Heads for the Battle of Anghiari - Google Art Project (cropped).jpg|Study for ''[[The Battle of Anghiari (Leonardo)|The Battle of Anghiari]]'' (now lost), {{circa|1503}}, [[Museum of Fine Arts (Budapest)|Museum of Fine Arts]], Budapest
File:Leonardo da vinci - La scapigliata.jpg|''[[La Scapigliata]]'', {{circa|1506–1508}} (unfinished), [[Galleria Nazionale di Parma]], Parma
File:Study for the Kneeling Leda.jpg|Study for ''[[Leda and the Swan (Leonardo)|Leda and the Swan]]'' (now lost), {{circa|1506–1508}}, [[Chatsworth House]], England
</gallery>