Editing LGBTQ community (section)

==Media==
The contemporary lesbian and gay community has a growing and complex place in the American and Western European media. Lesbians and gay men [[Media portrayal of LGBT people|are often portrayed]] inaccurately in television, films, and other media; the gay community is often portrayed as many [[stereotypes]], such as gay men being portrayed as flamboyant and bold. Like other minority groups, these caricatures are intended to ridicule this marginalized group.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Raley|first1=Amber B.|last2=Lucas|first2=Jennifer L.|title=Stereotype or Success? Prime-time television's portrayals of gay male, lesbian, and bisexual characters|journal=Journal of Homosexuality|date=October 2006|volume=51|issue=2|pages=19–38|doi=10.1300/J082v51n02_02|pmid=16901865|s2cid=9882274}}</ref>

There is currently a widespread ban of references in child-related entertainment, and when references do occur, they almost invariably generate controversy. In 1997, when American comedian [[Ellen DeGeneres]] [[Coming out|came out]] of the [[closeted|closet]] on her popular sitcom, many sponsors, such as the [[Wendy's]] fast food chain, pulled their advertising.<ref>Gomestic.  2009.  Stanza Ltd</ref> Also, a portion of the media has attempted to make the gay community included and publicly accepted with television shows such as ''[[Will & Grace]]'' or ''[[Queer Eye for the Straight Guy]]''. This increased publicity reflects the Coming out movement of the LGBTQ community. As more celebrities came out, more shows developed, such as the 2004 show ''[[The L Word]]''. These depictions of the LGBTQ community have been controversial, but beneficial for the community. The increase in visibility of LGBTQ people allowed for the LGBTQ community to unite to organize and demand change, and it has also inspired many LGBTQ people to come out.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Gross|first1=Larry P.|title=Up from Invisibility: Lesbians, Gay Men, and the Media in America|date=2001|publisher=Columbia University Press|isbn=9780231119535|url=https://archive.org/details/upfrominvisibili0000gros|url-access=registration|quote=Media's portrayal of gays and lesbians.|language=en}}</ref>

In the United States, gay people are frequently used as a symbol of social [[decadence]] by celebrity evangelists and by organizations such as [[Focus on the Family]]. Many LGBTQ organizations exist to represent and defend the gay community. For example, the [[Gay and Lesbian Alliance Against Defamation]] in the United States and [[Stonewall (UK)|Stonewall]] in the UK work with the media to help portray fair and accurate images of the gay community.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/lesbian-gay-bisexual-transgendered-and-queer-community|title=Lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer community {{!}} sociology|website=Encyclopedia Britannica|language=en|access-date=2019-11-22|archive-date=2019-12-02|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191202190206/https://www.britannica.com/topic/lesbian-gay-bisexual-transgendered-and-queer-community|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.theatlantic.com/ideas/archive/2019/06/battle-gay-rights-over/592645/|title=The Struggle for Gay Rights Is Over|last=Kirchick|first=James|date=2019-06-28|website=The Atlantic|language=en-US|access-date=2019-11-22|archive-date=2019-11-25|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191125202506/https://www.theatlantic.com/ideas/archive/2019/06/battle-gay-rights-over/592645/|url-status=live}}</ref>

As companies are advertising more and more to the gay community, LGBTQ activists are using ad slogans to promote gay community views. [[Subaru]] marketed its Forester and Outback with the slogan "It's Not a Choice. It's the Way We're Built", which was later used in eight U.S. cities on streets or in gay rights events.<ref>{{cite web|last=Fetto|first=John|date=February 2001|url=https://adage.com/article/american-demographics/broad-daylight/42217|url-access=subscription |title=In Broad Daylight|access-date=2016-02-06 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151016142008/http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m4021/is_ISSN_0163-4089/ai_75171025/ |archive-date=2015-10-16 }}</ref>

=== Social media ===
Social media is often used as a platform for the LGBTQ community to congregate and share resources. Search engines and social networking sites provide numerous opportunities for LGBTQ people to connect with one another; additionally, they play a key role in identity creation and self-presentation.<ref name=MediaInfluence>{{Cite journal|last1=Craig |first1=Shelley L. |last2=McInroy |first2=Lauren |date=2014-01-01|title=You Can Form a Part of Yourself Online: The Influence of New Media on Identity Development and Coming Out for LGBTQ Youth|url=https://doi.org/10.1080/19359705.2013.777007|journal=Journal of Gay & Lesbian Mental Health|volume=18|issue=1|pages=95–109|doi=10.1080/19359705.2013.777007|s2cid=216141171 |issn=1935-9705|access-date=2021-02-03|archive-date=2022-03-09|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220309200708/https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/19359705.2013.777007|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=":12">{{Cite journal|last=Kitzie|first=Vanessa|date=2019|title="That looks like me or something i can do": Affordances and constraints in the online identity work of US LGBTQ+ millennials|journal=Journal of the Association for Information Science and Technology|language=en|volume=70|issue=12|pages=1340–1351|doi=10.1002/asi.24217|issn=2330-1643|doi-access=free}}</ref><ref name=":2">{{Cite journal|last1=DeVito|first1=Michael A.|last2=Walker|first2=Ashley Marie|last3=Birnholtz|first3=Jeremy|date=2018-11-01|title='Too Gay for Facebook': Presenting LGBTQ+ Identity Throughout the Personal Social Media Ecosystem|journal=Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction|volume=2|issue=CSCW|pages=44:1–44:23|doi=10.1145/3274313|s2cid=53237950|doi-access=free}}</ref> Social networking sites allow for community building as well as anonymity, allowing people to engage as much or as little as they would like.<ref name=":4">{{Cite journal|last1=Fox|first1=Jesse|last2=Warber|first2=Katie M.|date=2014-12-22|title=Queer Identity Management and Political Self-Expression on Social Networking Sites: A Co-Cultural Approach to the Spiral of Silence|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcom.12137|journal=Journal of Communication|volume=65|issue=1|pages=79–100|doi=10.1111/jcom.12137|issn=0021-9916|access-date=2021-02-03|archive-date=2022-03-09|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220309200714/https://academic.oup.com/joc/article-abstract/65/1/79/4082329?redirectedFrom=fulltext|url-status=live}}</ref> The variety of social media platforms, including [[Facebook]], [[TikTok]], [[Tumblr]], [[Twitter]], and [[YouTube]], have differing associated audiences, affordances and norms.<ref name=":2" /> These varying platforms allow for more inclusivity as members of the LGBTQ community have the agency to decide where to engage and how to self-present themselves.<ref name=":2" /> The existence of the LGBTQ community and discourse on social media platforms is essential to disrupt the reproduction of hegemonic cis-heteronormativity and represent the wide variety of identities that exist.<ref name=":4" />

Before its ban on adult content in 2018, [[Tumblr]] was a platform uniquely suited for sharing trans stories and building community.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Haimson|first1=Oliver L.|last2=Dame-Griff|first2=Avery|last3=Capello|first3=Elias|last4=Richter|first4=Zahari|date=2019-10-18|title=Tumblr was a trans technology: the meaning, importance, history, and future of trans technologies|journal=Feminist Media Studies|volume=21|issue=3|pages=345–361|doi=10.1080/14680777.2019.1678505|issn=1468-0777|doi-access=free|hdl=2027.42/153782|hdl-access=free}}</ref> Mainstream social media platforms like [[TikTok]] have also been beneficial for the trans community by creating spaces for folks to share resources and transition stories, normalizing trans identity.<ref name=":32">{{Cite journal|last1=Simpson|first1=Ellen|last2=Semaan|first2=Bryan|date=2021-01-05|title=For You, or For"You"?|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3432951|journal=Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction|volume=4|issue=CSCW3|pages=1–34|doi=10.1145/3432951|s2cid=230717408|issn=2573-0142|access-date=2021-02-03|archive-date=2022-03-09|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220309200714/https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3432951|url-status=live}}</ref> It has been found that access to LGBTQ content, peers, and community on search engines and social networking sites has allowed for identity acceptance and pride within LGBTQ community.<ref name=MediaInfluence/>

Algorithms and evaluative criteria control what content is recommended to users on search engines and social networking site.<ref name=":12"/> These can reproduce stigmatizing discourses that are dominant within society, and result in negatively impacting LGBTQ self-perception.<ref name=":12" /> Social media algorithms have a significant impact on the formation of the LGBTQ community and culture.<ref name=":4" /> [[Algorithmic bias|Algorithmic exclusion]] occurs when exclusionary practices are reinforced by algorithms across technological landscapes, directly resulting in excluding marginalized identities.<ref name=":32"/> The exclusion of these identity representations causes identity insecurity for LGBTQ people, while further perpetuating cis-heteronormative identity discourse.<ref name=":32" /> LGBTQ users and allies have found methods of subverting algorithms that may suppress content in order to continue to build these online communities.<ref name=":32" />