Editing L. L. Zamenhof (section)

==Honours and namesakes==
In 1905, Zamenhof received [[Legion of Honour|the Légion d'honneur]] for creating Esperanto.<ref>{{cite web |title=3 россиянина, награждённые орденом Почётного легиона за необычные заслуги (3 Russians Awarded Légion d'honneur for Unusual Merits) |url=http://sobesednik.ru/incident/20130816-3-samykh-neobychnykh-nagrazhdeniya-rossiyan-ordenom-pochetnogo-legiona |publisher=Russian Daily "Sobesednik" |date=16 August 2013 |access-date=9 September 2014 |archive-date=18 July 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210718102659/https://sobesednik.ru/obshchestvo/20130816-3-samykh-neobychnykh-nagrazhdeniya-rossiyan-ordenom-pochetnogo-legiona |url-status=live }}</ref> In 1910, Zamenhof was first nominated for the [[Nobel Peace Prize]], by four British Members of Parliament (including [[James O'Grady]] and [[Philip Snowden, 1st Viscount Snowden|Philip Snowden]]) and Professor Stanley Lane Poole.<ref>{{Cite web |date=1 April 2020 |title=Nomination archive |url=https://www.nobelprize.org/nomination/archive/show.php?id=7918 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141008101241/https://www.nobelprize.org/nomination/archive/show.php?id=7918 |archive-date=8 October 2014 |access-date=9 October 2022 |website=NobelPrize.org |language=en-US }}</ref> (The Prize was instead awarded to the [[International Peace Bureau]].) Ultimately Zamenhof was nominated 12 times for the Nobel Peace Prize.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.franceinter.fr/societe/esperanto-cent-ans-mort-createur-zamenhof |title=Espéranto, la langue qui se voulait "universala" |date=14 April 2017 |website=France Inter |access-date=14 April 2017 |archive-date=17 May 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170517002331/https://www.franceinter.fr/societe/esperanto-cent-ans-mort-createur-zamenhof |url-status=live }}</ref> On the occasion of the fifth [[Universala Kongreso de Esperanto]] in Barcelona, Zamenhof was made a Commander of the [[Order of Isabella the Catholic]] by King [[Alfonso XIII of Spain]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.webislam.com/?idt=19050 |title=Olaizola, Borja. "Chatear en Esperanto, vigésimo idioma del mundo más usado en la red." ''El Correo''. 30/03/2011. |access-date=7 April 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110927020832/http://www.webislam.com/?idt=19050 |archive-date=27 September 2011 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

[[File:Plaque in Geneva where L.L. Zamenhof lived in 1905.jpg|thumb|Plaque in Rue du Vieux-Collège, commemorating Zamenhof's residence in [[Geneva]], Switzerland in 1905]]

A monument or place linked to Zamenhof or Esperanto is known as a [[Zamenhof-Esperanto object]] (or ZEO).

The [[minor planet]] [[1462 Zamenhof]] is named in his honour. It was discovered on 6 February 1938 by [[Yrjö Väisälä]]. There is also a minor planet named in honour of Esperanto ([[1421 Esperanto]]).

Hundreds of city streets, parks, and bridges worldwide have also been named after Zamenhof. In [[Lithuania]], the best-known Zamenhof Street is in [[Kaunas]], where he lived and owned a house for some time. There are others in Poland, the United Kingdom, France, [[Hungary]], [[Croatia]], the [[Czech Republic]], Spain (mostly in [[Catalonia]]), Italy, Israel, Belgium, the Netherlands and Brazil. There are Zamenhof Hills in Hungary and Brazil, and a Zamenhof Island in the [[Danube]].<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20061209130727/http://www.esperanto-sat.info/article187.html Hommages au Dr Zamenhof, à l'espéranto et à ses pionniers].</ref>
[[File:Zamenhof st.jpg|thumb| Zamenhof Street, [[Tel Aviv]]]]
In some Israeli cities, street signs identify Esperanto's creator and give his birth and death dates, but refer to him solely by his Jewish name Eliezer, his original birth name. Zamenhof is honoured as a deity by the Japanese religion [[Oomoto]], which encourages the use of Esperanto among its followers. A [[genus]] of [[lichen]] has been named ''[[Zamenhofia]]'' in his honour,<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.arkive.org/species/ARK/fungi/Zamenhofia_rosei/more_info.html |title=''Zamenhofia rosei'': Francis' lichen. Range, habitat, biology |access-date=28 January 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060506231625/http://www.arkive.org/species/ARK/fungi/Zamenhofia_rosei/more_info.html |archive-date=6 May 2006 |url-status=dead }}</ref> as well as the species ''[[Heteroplacidium zamenhofianum]]''.<ref name="Clauzade & Roux 1985">{{cite book |last1=Clauzade |first1=G. |last2=Roux |first2=C. |last3=Houmeau |first3=J.-M. |year=1985 |title=Likenoj de Okcidenta Europa. Ilustrita determinlibro |series=Bulletin de la Société Botanique du Centre-Ouest |publisher=Saint-Sulpice-de-Royan |volume=7 |page=823 |language=eo }}</ref>

Russian writer {{Wikidata fallback link|Q6612494}}<!---[[Nikolai Afrikanovich Borovko]]-->, who lived in [[Odessa]], together with {{Wikidata fallback link|Q17558007}}<!---[[Vladimir Gernet]]-->, founded a branch of the first official Esperanto society Esrero in Russia. In the years 1896–97 N. A. Borovko became its chairman. A monument to L. Zamenhof was installed in Odessa in an ordinary residential courtyard. Esperantist sculptor [[Nikolai Vasilyevich Blazhkov]] lived in this house, who in the early 1960s brought a sculptural portrait into the courtyard because the customs authorities did not allow the sculpture to be sent to the Esperanto Congress in Vienna.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.odessitclub.org/index.php/novosti-i-publikatsii/2983-lyudvik-zamengof-oni-ostavili-sled-v-istorii-odessy |title=Ludwik Zamenhof. They left a mark in the history of Odessa |date=15 December 2019 |access-date=16 December 2019 |archive-date=1 December 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201201141703/https://www.odessitclub.org/index.php/novosti-i-publikatsii/2983-lyudvik-zamengof-oni-ostavili-sled-v-istorii-odessy |url-status=live }}</ref>

A public square in Gothenburg, Sweden is named Esperantoplatsen, where a café named Zamenhof opened in 2018.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.gp.se/kultur/nytt-restaurangkomplex-pa-esperantoplatsen.3b1a4ba5-799e-44ef-b73c-00398541d25d|title=Nytt restaurangkomplex på Esperantoplatsen|work=Göteborgs-Posten|first=Francisco|last=Ramirez Franzén|date=1 April 2018|access-date=16 December 2024}}</ref>
[[File:Esperantoplatsen-Göteborg1.JPG|thumb|Esperantoplatsen, [[Gothenburg]]]]

In Italy, a few streets are named after Esperanto, including Largo Esperanto in Pisa.<!--<ref>https://maps.app.goo.gl/nEn8cDWJFhWpqwtt7 {{bare URL inline|date=December 2022 }}</ref>--><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.arkive.org/species/ARK/fungi/Zamenhofia_rosei/more_info.html |title=Francis' lichen - Zamenhofia rosei: More Information - ARKive |access-date=28 January 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060506231625/http://www.arkive.org/species/ARK/fungi/Zamenhofia_rosei/more_info.html |archive-date=6 May 2006 |url-status=dead}}.</ref>

In 1959, [[UNESCO]] honoured Zamenhof on the occasion of his centenary.<ref>Jewish Telegraphic Agency: [http://www.jta.org/1959/12/16/archive/unesco-to-honor-memory-of-zamenhof-jewish-creator-of-esperanto UNESCO to Honor Memory of Zamenhof, Jewish Creator of Esperanto] {{Webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191004040335/https://www.jta.org/1959/12/16/archive/unesco-to-honor-memory-of-zamenhof-jewish-creator-of-esperanto |date=4 October 2019 }}, 16 December 1959</ref> In 2015, it decided to support the celebration of the 100th anniversary of his death.<ref>[http://unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0023/002352/235205e.pdf Unesco] {{Webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170414200421/http://unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0023/002352/235205e.pdf |date=14 April 2017 }}; [http://uea.org/aktuale/komunikoj/2015/Gxenerala-Konferenco-de-Unesko-finigxis-%E2%80%93-Zamenhof-omagxota UEA: Zamenhof omaĝota] {{Webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210515165017/https://uea.org/aktuale/komunikoj/2015/Gxenerala-Konferenco-de-Unesko-finigxis-%E2%80%93-Zamenhof-omagxota |date=15 May 2021 }}</ref>

His birthday, 15 December, is celebrated annually as [[Zamenhof Day]] by users of Esperanto. On 15 December 2009, Esperanto's [[Esperanto symbols|green-starred flag]] flew on the Google homepage to commemorate Zamenhof's 150th birthday.<ref>[https://doodles.google/doodle/150th-birthday-of-ll-zamenhof/ Google Doodles Archive: 150th Birthday of LL Zamenhof] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240425205328/https://doodles.google/doodle/150th-birthday-of-ll-zamenhof/ |date=25 April 2024 }}  Retrieved 1 April 2010.</ref>

The house of the Zamenhof family and a monument to Zamenhof are sites on the [[Jewish Heritage Trail in Białystok]], which was opened in June 2008 by volunteers at [[The University of Białystok Foundation]].<ref>[http://szlak.uwb.edu.pl/sites.html Jewish Heritage Trail in Białystok] {{Webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191229153645/http://szlak.uwb.edu.pl/sites.html |date=29 December 2019 }} accessed 25 July 2009.</ref> Białystok is also home to the [[Ludwik Zamenhof Centre]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/esperanto-alive-and-well-100-years-after-jewish-inventors-death/|title=Esperanto alive and well, 100 years after Jewish inventor’s death|work=The Times of Israel|first=Bernard|last=Osser|date=13 April 2017|access-date=16 December 2024}}</ref>

In 1960, Esperanto summer schools were established in [[Stoke-on-Trent]] in the United Kingdom by the Esperanto Association of Britain (EAB), which began to provide lessons and promote the language locally. There is a road named after Zamenhof in the city: Zamenhof Grove.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/science/2017/dec/06/saluton-the-surprise-return-of-esperanto |title='Saluton!': the surprise return of Esperanto |last=Salisbury |first=Josh |date=6 December 2017 |work=The Guardian |access-date=19 December 2018 |language=en-GB |issn=0261-3077 |archive-date=28 December 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171228193216/https://www.theguardian.com/science/2017/dec/06/saluton-the-surprise-return-of-esperanto |url-status=live }}</ref>

As Zamenhof was born on 15 December 1859, the Esperanto Society of New York gathers every December to celebrate Zamenhofa Tago (Zamenhof Day in Esperanto).<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/12/21/nyregion/esperanto-nyc.html |title=Feliĉa Ferioj! Toasting the Holidays in Esperanto |last=Kilgannon |first=Corey |date=21 December 2017 |work=The New York Times |access-date=24 December 2018 |language=en-US |issn=0362-4331 |archive-date=9 April 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180409133052/https://www.nytimes.com/2017/12/21/nyregion/esperanto-nyc.html |url-status=live }}</ref>