Editing Kvass (section)

===Poland===
[[File:Kwas chlebowy (EKO-NATURA).jpg|thumb|Varieties of natural {{Lang|pl|kwas chlebowy}}]]
[[File:Ogolnopolski Festiwal Dobrego Smaku 2018 (Poznan) (kwas chlebowy).jpg|thumb|Kvass tap at a festival in [[Poznań]]]]
[[File:Kwas chlebowy, kefir, kołacz i korowaj w polskim domu.jpg|thumb|Polish kvass served alongside [[kefir]], [[kolach (bread)|kolach]] and [[korovai]]]]

Kvass may have appeared in Poland as early as the 10th century,<ref name="ministerstwo">{{cite web|date=2018-06-03|title=Kwas chlebowy|first=Sławomir|last=Mucha|url=https://www.gov.pl/web/rolnictwo/kwas-chlebowy|publisher=[[Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development (Poland)|Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development of Poland]]|access-date=2022-05-26|archive-date=6 January 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220106154352/https://www.gov.pl/web/rolnictwo/kwas-chlebowy|url-status=live}}</ref> it quickly became a trendy beverage thanks to its easy and cheap method of production as well as its thirst-quenching and digestion-aiding qualities.<ref>{{cite book|last=Wieczorek|first=K.|date=2006|title=Młyn na Stawkach. Nad Czarną|location=Lubiaszów}}</ref> By the time of [[Jogaila]]'s rule, kvass was universal.<ref name="gazolsz">{{cite web|url=https://gazetaolsztynska.pl/775533,Kwas-chlebowy-Zapomniany-skarb-polskiej-kuchni.html|title=Kwas chlebowy. Zapomniany skarb polskiej kuchni|last=Snopkow|first=Paweł|date=2021-10-23|website=gazetaolsztynska.pl|publisher=[[Gazeta Olsztyńska]]|access-date=2022-05-26|archive-date=8 December 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211208222140/https://gazetaolsztynska.pl/775533,Kwas-chlebowy-Zapomniany-skarb-polskiej-kuchni.html|url-status=live}}</ref> It was at first commonly drunk by peasants in the eastern parts of the country, but eventually the drink spread to the [[szlachta]].<ref name="gazolsz" /> One example of this is {{Lang|pl|kwas chlebowy sapieżyński kodeński}}, an old type of Polish kvass that is still sold as a contemporary brand. Its origins can be traced back to the 1500s, when {{Interlanguage link|Iwan Semenowicz Sapieha|lt=Jan Sapieha|pl|Iwan Semenowicz Sapieha}} founded the town of [[Kodeń]] on land granted by the [[Monarchs of Poland|Polish king]]. He then bought the mills and 24 villages of the surrounding areas from their previous landowners. Then, the taste of kvass became known among the Polish [[szlachta]], who used it for its supposed healing qualities. Throughout the 19th century, kvass remained popular among [[Polish people|Poles]] who lived in the [[Congress Poland]] of [[Imperial Russia]] and in [[Austrian Poland|Austrian Galicia]], especially the inhabitants of rural areas.<ref name="kchsk">{{cite web |date=2 July 2018 |title=Kwas chlebowy sapieżyński kodeński |url=https://www.gov.pl/web/rolnictwo/kwas-chlebowy-sapiezynski-kodenski |publisher=[[Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development (Poland)|Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development of Poland]] |access-date=30 July 2021 |archive-date=9 February 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220209114722/https://www.gov.pl/web/rolnictwo/kwas-chlebowy-sapiezynski-kodenski |url-status=live }}</ref> Up until the 19th century, recipes for local variants of kvass remained well-guarded secrets of families, [[religious order]]s, and monasteries.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Dekowski|first1=J.P.|date=1968|title=Z badań nad pożywieniem ludu łowickiego (1880-1939)|journal=Seria Etnograficzna|issue=12|location=Łódź}}</ref>

The beverage production in Poland on an industrial scale can be traced back to the more recent interwar period, when the Polish state regained independence as the [[Second Polish Republic]]. In interwar Poland, kvass was brewed and sold in mass numbers by magnates of the Polish drinks market like the [[Warsaw|Varsovian]] brewery [[Haberbusch i Schiele]] or the ''Karpiński'' company.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Delorme |first=Andrzej |date=1–15 October 1999 |title=Alternatywa dla Coca Coli? |url=http://zb.eco.pl/zb/140/zdrowie.htm |journal=Pismo Ekologów |publisher=Zielone Brygady |number=14(140)/99 |issn=1231-2126 |access-date=21 February 2014 |archive-date=9 September 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120909013816/http://zb.eco.pl/zb/140/zdrowie.htm |url-status=live }}</ref> Kvass remained particularly popular in eastern Poland.<ref name="kchsk" /> However, with the collapse of many prewar businesses and much of the Polish industry during [[World War II]], kvass lost popularity following the aftermath of the war. It also gradually lost favour throughout the 20th century upon introducing mass-produced soft drinks and carbonated water into the Polish market.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.kwaschlebowy.eu/produkt/kwas-chlebowy-tradycyjny/|title=Historia kwasu chlebowego|website=kwaschlebowy.eu|publisher=Eko-Natura|access-date=2022-05-26|quote=W wieku XX kwas został zapomniany, wyparty przez wody gazowane i inne słodkie napoje.|archive-date=17 May 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220517014316/https://www.kwaschlebowy.eu/produkt/kwas-chlebowy-tradycyjny/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="ministerstwo" /><ref name="gazolsz" /> In the early 21st century, kvass experienced a renaissance in Poland due to the heightened interest in healthy diets, natural products, and traditions.<ref name="ministerstwo" />

Kvass can be found in some supermarkets and grocery stores, where it is known in [[Polish language|Polish]] as {{Lang|pl|kwas chlebowy}} ({{IPA|pl|kvas xlɛbɔvɨ|}}). Commercial bottled versions of the drink are the most common variant, as some companies specialise in manufacturing a more modern version of the drink (some variants are manufactured in Poland whilst others are imported from its neighbouring countries, Lithuania and Ukraine being the most popular source).<ref name="gerima">[http://gerima.pl/index.html Gerima dystrybutor kwasu chlebowego w Polsce] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131016154516/http://gerima.pl/index.html |date=16 October 2013 }} Gerima – distributor of kvass in Poland. {{in lang|pl}}</ref><ref name="ukrainski">{{cite web|title=Kwas chlebowy z Ukrainy – dlaczego warto go kupić?|url=http://www.zdrowozmiksowani.pl/kwas-chlebowy-z-ukrainy-dlaczego-warto-go-kupic/|publisher=Zdrowo Zmiksowani|website=zdrowozmiksowani.pl|date=22 October 2020|access-date=2022-05-26|archive-date=12 August 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220812155338/http://www.zdrowozmiksowani.pl/kwas-chlebowy-z-ukrainy-dlaczego-warto-go-kupic/|url-status=dead}}</ref> However, old recipes for a traditional version of kvass exist. Some of them originate from eastern Poland;<ref>{{cite web |title = Kwas chlebowy sapieżyński kodeński |trans-title = Sapieżyński Kodeński kvass |language=pl |publisher = [[Lublin Voivodeship]] |website = lubelskie.pl |url = http://www.lubelskie.pl/?pid=647 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20131016163658/http://www.lubelskie.pl/?pid=647 |archive-date = 2013-10-16}}</ref> others from more central regions include adding honey for flavour.<ref>{{cite web|date=2019-01-25|title=Kwas chlebowy na miodzie z Grębkowa|first=Sławomir|last=Mucha|url=https://www.gov.pl/web/rolnictwo/kwas-chlebowy-na-miodzie-z-grebkowa|publisher=[[Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development (Poland)|Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development of Poland]]|access-date=2022-05-26|archive-date=26 May 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220526225154/https://www.gov.pl/web/rolnictwo/kwas-chlebowy-na-miodzie-z-grebkowa|url-status=live}}</ref> Although commercial kvass is much easier to find in Polish shops, Polish manufacturers of more natural and healthier variants of kvass have become increasingly popular both within and outside of the country's borders.<ref>{{cite news |last = Jeziorska |first = Jolanta |date = 2009-09-08 |title = Ich kwas chlebowy podbija rynek |trans-title = Their kvass conquers the market |language = pl |work = [[Dziennik Łódzki]] |url = https://dzienniklodzki.pl/ich-kwas-chlebowy-podbija-rynek/ar/160252?cookie=1 |access-date = 2023-06-10 |archive-date = 2 January 2023 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20230102034905/https://dzienniklodzki.pl/ich-kwas-chlebowy-podbija-rynek/ar/160252?cookie=1 |url-status = live }}</ref><ref name="ministerstwo" /> A less healthy alternative of quick-to-make variants using kvass concentrate can also be purchased in shops.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia |title=S. Orgelbranda Encyklopedja Powszechna|year=1901|publisher=Wydawnictwo Towarzystwa Akcyjnego Odlewni Czcionek i Drukarni S. Orgelbranda Synów|location=Warszawa}}</ref> One colloquial Polish name for {{Lang|pl|kwas chlebowy}} is {{Lang|pl|wiejska oranżada}} ('rural orangeade').<ref name="gazolsz" /> In some Polish villages, such as [[Zaława]] and its surroundings, kvass was traditionally produced on every farm.<ref name="zaława">{{cite web|date=2020-04-10|title=Kwas chlebowy z Załawy|url=https://www.gov.pl/web/rolnictwo/kwas-chlebowy-z-zalawy|publisher=[[Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development (Poland)|Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development of Poland]]|access-date=2022-05-26|archive-date=19 March 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220319194515/https://www.gov.pl/web/rolnictwo/kwas-chlebowy-z-zalawy|url-status=live}}</ref>