Editing Krakatoa (section)

=== 1680 ===
[[File:AMH-8034-KB View of Gunung Api.jpg|thumb|right|200px|[[Simon Winchester]] maintains that the 1680 eruption was depicted in this eighteenth-century Dutch etching.{{sfn|Winchester|2003|p=136}}]]

In February 1681, [[Johann Wilhelm Vogel]], a Dutch mining engineer at Salida, [[Sumatra]] (near [[Padang]]), on his way to Batavia (now [[Jakarta]]) passed through the Sunda Strait. In his diary he wrote:

{{quotation|...I saw with amazement that the island of Krakatoa, on my first trip to Sumatra [June 1679] completely green and healthy with trees, lay completely burnt and barren in front of our eyes and that at four locations was throwing up large chunks of fire. And when I asked the ship's Captain when the aforementioned island had erupted, he told me that this had happened in May 1680 ... He showed me a piece of [[pumice]] as big as his fist.
}}

Vogel spent several months in Batavia, returning to Sumatra in November 1681. On the same ship were several other Dutch travellers, including [[Elias Hesse]], a writer. Hesse's journal reports:

{{quotation|...on the 19th [of November 1681] we again lifted anchor and proceeded first to the north of us to the island of Sleepzie ([[Sebesi]]), uninhabited, ... and then still north of the island of Krakatou, which erupted about a year ago and also is uninhabited. The rising smoke column of this island can be seen from miles away; we were with our ship very close to shore and we could see the trees sticking out high on the mountain, and which looked completely burned, but we could not see the fire itself.<ref>Note: Vogel returned to Amsterdam in 1688 and published the first edition of his journal in 1690.</ref>
}}

The eruption was also reported by a Bengali sea captain, who wrote of the event later, but had not recorded it at the time in the ship's log.{{sfn|Winchester|2003|pp=132–133}} Neither Vogel nor Hesse mention Krakatoa in any real detail in their other passages, and no other travellers at the time mention an eruption or evidence of one. (In November 1681, a pepper crop was being offered for sale by inhabitants.)<ref>Note: Historians Van den Berg and Verbeek both conclude that Vogel must have exaggerated the extent of the eruption he saw. Even so, there must have been an eruption around this time.</ref>

[[Simon Winchester]] maintains, in his 2003 book ''[[Krakatoa: The Day the World Exploded|Krakatoa: The Day the World Exploded: August 27, 1883]]'', that the 1680 eruption was depicted in an eighteenth-century etching by Dutch cartographer [[Jakob van der Schley|Jan van Schley]] called ''Het Brandende Eiland'', "The Burning Island," writing that "it was a depiction, without a doubt, of the otherwise little-chronicled eruption that supposedly took place in 1680."{{sfn|Winchester|2003|p=136}}

In 1880, Verbeek investigated a fresh unweathered lava flow at the northern coast of Perboewatan, which he claimed could not have been more than two centuries old.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Verbeek |first1=R.D.M. |title=Krakatau |date=1884 |publisher=Landsdrukkerij (Government Press) |location=Batavia, Dutch East Indies (Jakarta, Indonesia) |page=164 |url=https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=uc1.b5273264&view=1up&seq=216 |language=Dutch}}  From p. 164: ''"Over de gesteenten, waaruit de kegels Danan en Perboewatan bestonden, […] dat zij van de eruptie van 1680 afkomstig is."''
*  French translation: {{cite book |last1=Verbeek |first1=R.D.M. |title=Krakatau |date=1886 |publisher=Imprimerie de l'état (Government Press) |location=Batavia, Dutch East Indies (Jakarta, Indonesia) |page=171 |url=https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=mdp.39015023943403&view=1up&seq=233 |language=French}}  From p. 171:  ''"Au suject des roches qui composaient les cônes Danan et Perboewatan, […] et permet de supposer qu'elle date de l'eruption de 1680."'' (On the subject of the rocks which composed the cones of Danan and Perboewatan, we possess only very little data.  In the month of July 1880, I collected only samples of the flow of lava which, at the northern extremity of Perboewatan, were thrown into the sea.  This flow still did not present any trace of degradation by atmopheric agents and was therefore entirely bare, thus contrasting with all of the rest of the island of Krakatau, which was covered by a thin layer of vegetation; this fact denotes the relatively young age of the lava in question and permits one to suppose that it dates from the eruption of 1680.)</ref>