Editing Kordofanian languages (section)

==Reconstruction==
Quint (2020) suggests that Proto-Kordofanian can be reconstructed from the [[Heiban languages|Heibanian]], [[Talodi languages|Talodian]], [[Rashad languages|Rashadian]], [[Katloid languages|Katloid]], and [[Lafofa languages|Lafofa]] languages. His Proto-Kordofanian reconstructions are as follows:<ref name="Quint">Quint, Nicolas (2020). In: Vossen, Rainer and Gerrit J. Dimmendaal (eds.). ''The Oxford Handbook of African Languages'', 239-268. Oxford: Oxford University Press.</ref>

{| class="wikitable sortable"
! Gloss !! Proto-Kordofanian !! [[Talodi languages|Talodian]] !! [[Heiban languages|Heibanian]] !! [[Lafofa languages|Lafofa]] !! [[Katloid languages|Katloid]] (''[[Tima language|Tima]]'') !! [[Rashad languages|Rashadian]]
|-
! bark 1 (n.)
| *-mVk-
| *t-ə-mək
| ''[[Koalib language|Koalib]]'' kìmùukùl [kìmùugùl]
| 
| 
| ''[[Orig language|Orig]]'' kìmbàkɔ́l
|-
! bark 2 (n.)
| *k(V)VrE ~ *c(V)VrE
| 
| 
| c-iíri
| kúúr
| *g-ware
|-
! beat / hit
| *-bV-
| *-gob- / *kə-bɔ
| *-bid̪-
| ...biŋ
| 
| ''[[Orig language|Orig]]'' bí(r) / pù(ró)
|-
! belly
| *-VrVk ~ *-VɽVk
| *j-+-arag / *ca-rək
| *g-+-aare
| t̪-úur-i
| kúɽúún
| 
|-
! bite / eat
| *-CVk
| *-gVjog / *kə-ɟɔ
| *-iy-
| ...jiɛ
| 
| *yɛk
|-
! blood
| *(C)iC<sub>P</sub>V
| *ŋ-+-ittsug / *ŋ-ɪccʊk
| 
| 
| ''[[Katla language|Katla]]'' ija ~ iya
| ''[[Rashad language|Rashad]]'' wiya
|-
! breast
| *CVmiC
| *j-+-intsig / *c-ə-mmik
| 
| 
| ''[[Tima language|Tima]]'' kɨ̀míndì
| *d-miɲ
|-
! clothes
| *kErEC
| *k-ɛrɛt̪
| *g-+-ered̪
| 
| 
| ''[[Tagoi language|Tagoi]]'' kɛr(ɛ́)w
|-
! dry
| *-OndV
| *-an d̪o
| *-unDo
| 
| 
| *-uddi
|-
! ear
| *kVnV
| *g-+-eenu / *k-ɛnu
| *g- / n-+-aani
| 
| kɔ́.nɔ̀
| ''[[Tagoi language|Tagoi]]'' finin, ''[[Tegali language|Tegali]]'' (a)nuu
|-
! elephant
| *-VŋV(C)
| 
| *d-+-oŋor
| yuːŋi
| 
| *(fV)ŋVn
|-
! eye
| *?+-git
| *j-+-igg / *c-it
| 
| 
| ''[[Katla language|Katla]]'' gɨgöt
| *y-ngid
|-
! foot / leg
| *-AkA(C)
| *ts-+-agag
| ''[[Koalib language|Koalib]]'' káakà [káagà]
| l-ia-ga
| 
| *d-ɛgɛn
|-
! goat
| *Em(b)iT
| *w-+-emig / *u-mit
| 
| ɛɛmi
| ''[[Tima language|Tima]]'' címìd̪
| *mbɨt
|-
! green / wet
| *-iklV ~ *ijlV
| 
| *-iigla
| b-ʊ́ɒji-lli
| 
| ''[[Tagoi language|Tagoi]]'' -ijilú, ''[[Tegali language|Tegali]]'' -rígɛ̂l
|-
! hair
| *kaam ~ *gaam
| *d-+-ʊgaŋ / *NC-ŋən̪
| 
| 
| ''[[Tima language|Tima]]'' káàm
| *g-aam
|-
! head
| *gaC<sub>DP</sub> ~ *C<sub>P</sub>aC<sub>DP</sub>
| *j-+-ats, *c-ac
| 
| 
| ''[[Katla language|Katla]]'' gas
| *g-aj
|-
! left (side)
| *-C<sub>V</sub>ul- ~ *-C<sub>V</sub>ur-
| *-gule / *-gulɛ
| *-awur
| kúlɪ
| 
| *-awwir
|-
! mud
| *-ElO
| 
| ''[[Koalib language|Koalib]]'' kèlòo
| 
| ''[[Tima language|Tima]]'' k-ʌ́ʌ́lu
| ''[[Orig language|Orig]]'' ŋí̧lɔ́
|-
! near
| *-Et̪t̪OC
| *-iddu / *-t̪t̪o-t
| ''[[Koalib language|Koalib]]'' kɛ́ttɔ̀k [kɛ́t̪t̪ɔ̀k]
| 
| ''[[Tima language|Tima]]'' mɛ̀t̪ɛ́n
| ''[[Tagoi language|Tagoi]]'' gattɔŋ / tɔgɔt
|-
! one
| *attV ~ *addV
| 
| *-aDDe
| 
| ''[[Tima language|Tima]]'' àtíín
| ''[[Orig language|Orig]]'' wàttá
|-
! rain
| *kaw ~ *kal
| *k-abɪk
| *g-+-aw
| k-állɔ́-y
| 
| *(y)au
|-
! red
| *-OrdE
| *-oode<ref>Schadeberg, Thilo C. 1981. ''A Survey of Kordofanian Vol 2: The Talodi Group''. (Sprache und Geschichte in Afrika: Beiheft, 2.) Hamburg: Helmut Buske. 175pp.</ref> / *-d̪ɛ
| *-UUre
| 
| ''[[Tima language|Tima]]'' -rdí
| *-araw
|-
! sheep
| *kAC<sub>V</sub>AC
| *t̪ʊ-ŋgat̪
| ''[[Koalib language|Koalib]]'' káaŋàl
| βaːŋi
| (k)áŋàl
| ''[[Orig language|Orig]]'' kàgóy
|-
! smoke (n.)
| *-uC<sub>LVB</sub>bV
| 
| *g-+-ulu
| c-oor-í
| kʊ̀ʊ̀ɽʊ́n
| ''[[Tagoi language|Tagoi]]'' k(ə)rək, ''[[Tegali language|Tegali]]'' tulɛ́
|-
! sun
| *-VC<sub>N</sub>V
| *j-+-iŋgi, *c-ə-ŋgi
| Ø-+*-aŋin
| 
| kínèè
| *-aane
|-
! tongue
| *-d̪Vŋl(V) ~ *-d̪VlVŋ(V)
| *d̪-+-(V)lVŋe / *tʊ-ləŋɛ
| d̪-+*-ŋela
| l-íáŋ-i
| kìlíŋíì
| *d-aŋil(-ag)
|-
! vomit
| *-UdA ~ *-UwA
| -VddV / *uk-dɛ
| *-wey-
| lwâ-d̪aŋ... lwa
| -húwʌ̀
| *VdVk
|}

===Lexical isoglosses===
Starostin (2018) lists the following common lexical isoglosses in the Kordofanian languages. Potential cognates are highlighted in '''bold'''.<ref>Starostin, George. 2018. ''[https://starling.rinet.ru/confer/Starostin-2018.pdf Preliminary lexicostatistical analysis for languages of the Nuba Mountains]''. 13th Annual Sergei Starostin Memorial Conference on Comparative-Historical Linguistics (RSUH, March 22-23, 2018).</ref>

:{| class="wikitable sortable"
! Proto-language
! eye
! bone
! egg
! tooth
! ear
! tongue
! head
! I
! thou
|-
! Proto-Heiban
| '''*=ey'''
| '''*=uya'''
| '''*=ɛɲɔ(ŋ)'''
| '''*=iŋa-t̪'''
| '''*=ɛːni'''
| '''*=ŋɛla'''
| *=da
| '''*(i)ɲ=i'''
| '''*(u)ŋ=a'''
|-
! Proto-Talodi
| '''*=igi'''
| ''*=umV''
| '''*=uwi(ŋ)'''
| '''*=iɲi-t'''
| '''*=ɛːnu'''
| '''*=lʊŋɛ'''
| '''*=âs'''
| '''*ŋ=i'''
| '''*(u)ŋ=a'''
|-
! (Proto-)Lafofa
| '''=î'''
| ''=uami''
| '''=uwɛ-'''
| '''=ɛːŋı'''
| 
| '''liaŋi'''
| '''=ay'''
| ɲɛ-
| ŋɔ-
|-
! Proto-Katla-Tima
| '''*=igi'''
| '''*=uga'''
| '''*=iwɔɲ'''
| 
| '''*=ɔnɔ'''
| '''*=liŋi'''
| '''*=as'''
| ɲɔŋ
| ŋaŋ
|-
! Proto-Rashad
| '''*=i(ŋ)gə'''
| '''*=uh'''
| *iye (?)
| '''*=iɲi-n'''
| '''*=əni-n'''
| '''*=ŋəla'''
| '''*=as'''
| '''*ŋ=i'''
| '''*ŋ=ɔ'''
|-
! Proto-Kadu
| *=yV
| *kuɓa
| *sule
| '''*=kini'''
| *=ɛːsɔ
| *ŋaɗɔ
| *=at̪u
| *aʔa
| *oʔo
|}