Editing Kielce (section)

== Geography ==

=== Climate ===
{{climate chart
| Kielce
|- 5|0|34
|- 5|1|29
|- 2|6|35
|3|14|39
|8|19|53
|11|21|71
|13|24|81
|12|23|77
|8|19|56
|4|13|42
|0|6|40
|- 3|1|44
| float = right
| clear = none
| units = metric}}
Kielce is one of the relatively cooler cities in Poland. It experiences four distinct seasons and has a warm summer subtype humid [[continental climate]] (''Dfb''), typical of this part of Europe. It has cool, cloudy winters with almost daily light snowfall and generally moderate temperatures within a few degrees of the freezing point, and moderately warm and sunny summers, with frequent but brief hot spells and abundant rainfall falling mostly during numerous and occasionally severe thunderstorms. Surrounded by the [[Holy Cross Mountains]], however, the summer night time temperatures are somewhat cooler and the thunderstorms somewhat more frequent and severe than in surrounding areas of Poland.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://spotkanie-z-piorunem.manifo.com/wystepowanie|title=Występowanie :: Spotkanie z piorunem|access-date=20 November 2016}}</ref>

Both continental and maritime air masses can enter the area undergoing little modification, resulting in striking differences in the seasons from year to year, particularly in winter when the contrast between maritime and continental air is at its greatest. Maritime influences from the Atlantic typically bring cool, cloudy, damp and often foggy weather both in summer and in winter, whereas continental air masses often result in long periods of sunny and dry weather, hot in summer and on occasion, extremely cold in winter.

The highest temperature recorded in Kielce since 1971 is {{convert|36.4|C|F|0}}<ref name="TuTiempo August 2013"/> and the lowest is {{convert|-33.9|C|F|0}},<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.tutiempo.net/en/Climate/KIELCE/01-1987/125700.htm|title=Climate KIELCE (January 1987) - Climate data (125700)|first=Tutiempo Network|last=S.L.|access-date=20 November 2016}}</ref> giving the city a temperature range of 70.3&nbsp;°C (126.5&nbsp;°F), the second highest in Poland. The city receives 1720 to 1829 hours of sunshine annually, depending on the source,<ref name="WO Sunshine 2000-2013">{{cite web|url=http://www.weatheronline.co.uk/weather/maps/city?FMM=1&FYY=2000&LMM=12&LYY=2012&WMO=12570&CONT=euro&REGION=0001&LAND=PL&ART=SOS&R=160&NOREGION=1&LEVEL=162&LANG=sk&MOD=tab|title=climate - Graph - Kielce Poľsko - WeatherOnline|last=sk.weatheronline.co.uk|access-date=20 November 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://kielce.citycheck.pl/|title=City Check - Sprawdź swoje miasto|access-date=20 November 2016}}</ref> with a notably sunny spring and summer, and a cloudy late autumn and winter. Winds are generally very light throughout the year,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.weatheronline.co.uk/weather/maps/city?LANG=en&PLZ=_____&PLZN=_____&WMO=12570&CONT=euro&R=0&LEVEL=162&REGION=0001&LAND=PL&MOD=tab&ART=WST&NOREGION=1&FMM=1&FYY=1982&LMM=12&LYY=2012|title=Wind speed - Kielce - Climate Robot Poland|last=weatheronline.co.uk|access-date=20 November 2016}}</ref> with an abundance of calm days, and as a result, cool temperatures often feel much milder than expected due to a relative lack of windchill, especially during sunny spells in early spring, as well as during severe winter cold snaps, which are typically dominated by calm, anticyclonic weather. Föhn winds from the Carpathian mountains do occasionally reach the city, resulting in unusually mild temperatures for a semi-continental location at this latitude, on rare occasions reaching approximately {{convert|15|C|F|0}} in the winter months.
[[File:Sienkiewicz Kielce.jpg|thumb|left|upright=1.1|Sienkiewicza Street, summer 2011]]

Winter conditions are highly dependent on the source region of the air mass that dominates during a particular month, resulting in tremendous variability from one year to the next. For example, in January 2006, the city experienced typically continental winter weather, resulting in an average daytime high of {{convert|-3.7|C|F|0}}, recording a nighttime low of {{convert|-30|C|F|0}}<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.tutiempo.net/en/Climate/KIELCE/01-2006/125700.htm|title=Climate KIELCE (January 2006) - Climate data (125700)|first=Tutiempo Network|last=S.L.|access-date=20 November 2016}}</ref> on the 24th. The very next year, in January 2007, the weather was predominantly of the Atlantic type, resulting in an average high of {{convert|5.7|C|F|0}} and occasional days above {{convert|10|C|F|0}},<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.tutiempo.net/en/Climate/KIELCE/01-2007/125700.htm|title=Climate KIELCE (January 2007) - Climate data (125700)|first=Tutiempo Network|last=S.L.|access-date=20 November 2016}}</ref> more typical of coastal locations in Western Europe. As a result of this variability, severe cold with temperatures below {{convert|-20|C|F|0}} can be completely absent during some winters, and in others, it can occur with regularity, even as late as March. Heavy snowfall is rare, and significant snow accumulations typically occur gradually, a few centimeters at a time over a protracted cold spell.

Summer is warm and lasts from June to early September, and is characterized by abundant sunshine, but also severe weather, particularly early in the season. Though temperatures average in the low-to-mid 20s (70s Fahrenheit), they are rather variable with frequent hot spells reaching approximately {{convert|30|C|F|0}} interrupted by cold fronts, which frequently bring violent thunderstorms and several days of cool and sometimes chilly weather. Although hot weather is frequent and many summers experience a few oppressively hot days of around {{convert|35|C|F|0}}, summer temperatures in the city are never extreme and have not exceeded {{convert|36.4|C|F|0}} in recent decades.

The transitional seasons of spring and autumn are highly unpredictable and experience large temperature swings with periods of fine weather and temperatures around {{convert|20|C|F|0}} as early as March and late into October, alternating with much colder periods. Sharp nighttime frosts can occur as early as September and as late as May, though on calm, clear days, it often warms up rapidly to approximately {{convert|20|C|F|0}}, especially in April. Occasionally, significant, accumulating snow can occur in October and April, though mild weather rapidly returns.

{{Weather box
| location = Kielce (Suków) 1991–2020 normals, extremes 1951–present
| metric first = yes
| single line = yes
| Jan record high C = 13.4
| Feb record high C = 18.4
| Mar record high C = 23.7
| Apr record high C = 29.7
| May record high C = 33.4
| Jun record high C = 34.6
| Jul record high C = 36.6
| Aug record high C = 36.4
| Sep record high C = 35.0
| Oct record high C = 26.3
| Nov record high C = 20.0
| Dec record high C = 16.5
| year record high C = 36.6
| Jan high C = 0.8
| Feb high C = 2.6
| Mar high C = 7.4
| Apr high C = 14.4
| May high C = 19.4
| Jun high C = 22.7
| Jul high C = 24.9
| Aug high C = 24.6
| Sep high C = 19.0
| Oct high C = 13.1
| Nov high C = 6.6
| Dec high C = 1.9
| year high C = 13.1
| Jan mean C = -2.2
| Feb mean C = -1.1
| Mar mean C = 2.5
| Apr mean C = 8.4
| May mean C = 13.4
| Jun mean C = 16.9
| Jul mean C = 18.7
| Aug mean C = 18.2
| Sep mean C = 13.2
| Oct mean C = 8.1
| Nov mean C = 3.3
| Dec mean C = -0.9
| year mean C = 8.2
| Jan low C = -5.1
| Feb low C = -4.4
| Mar low C = -1.7
| Apr low C = 2.7
| May low C = 7.5
| Jun low C = 11.0
| Jul low C = 12.9
| Aug low C = 12.3
| Sep low C = 8.2
| Oct low C = 4.0
| Nov low C = 0.3
| Dec low C = -3.6
| year low C = 3.7
| Jan record low C = -33.9
| Feb record low C = -31.0
| Mar record low C = -27.5
| Apr record low C = -9.4
| May record low C = -4.6
| Jun record low C = -1.3
| Jul record low C = 2.9
| Aug record low C = 0.3
| Sep record low C = -4.5
| Oct record low C = -8.7
| Nov record low C = -18.0
| Dec record low C = -26.9
| year record low C = -33.9
| precipitation colour = green
| Jan precipitation mm = 37.3
| Feb precipitation mm = 34.0
| Mar precipitation mm = 40.2
| Apr precipitation mm = 39.5
| May precipitation mm = 70.1
| Jun precipitation mm = 70.2
| Jul precipitation mm = 94.3
| Aug precipitation mm = 67.6
| Sep precipitation mm = 55.1
| Oct precipitation mm = 45.2
| Nov precipitation mm = 40.2
| Dec precipitation mm = 37.4
| year precipitation mm = 631.0
| Jan snow depth cm = 8.1
| Feb snow depth cm = 8.2
| Mar snow depth cm = 5.2
| Apr snow depth cm = 1.4
| May snow depth cm = 0.0
| Jun snow depth cm = 0.0
| Jul snow depth cm = 0.0
| Aug snow depth cm = 0.0
| Sep snow depth cm = 0.0
| Oct snow depth cm = 0.7
| Nov snow depth cm = 2.6
| Dec snow depth cm = 4.3
| year snow depth cm = 
| unit precipitation days = 0.1 mm
| Jan precipitation days = 17.13
| Feb precipitation days = 15.43
| Mar precipitation days = 14.73
| Apr precipitation days = 12.13
| May precipitation days = 14.03
| Jun precipitation days = 13.83
| Jul precipitation days = 14.73
| Aug precipitation days = 11.77
| Sep precipitation days = 12.23
| Oct precipitation days = 14.30
| Nov precipitation days = 15.03
| Dec precipitation days = 16.17
| year precipitation days = 171.53
| unit snow days = 0 cm
| Jan snow days = 17.8
| Feb snow days = 16.2
| Mar snow days = 7.0
| Apr snow days = 1.1
| May snow days = 0.0
| Jun snow days = 0.0
| Jul snow days = 0.0
| Aug snow days = 0.0
| Sep snow days = 0.0
| Oct snow days = 0.4
| Nov snow days = 4.6
| Dec snow days = 11.3
| year snow days = 58.4
| Jan humidity = 87.4
| Feb humidity = 84.4
| Mar humidity = 78.4
| Apr humidity = 71.6
| May humidity = 73.2
| Jun humidity = 73.7
| Jul humidity = 74.2
| Aug humidity = 74.8
| Sep humidity = 80.7
| Oct humidity = 84.9
| Nov humidity = 89.2
| Dec humidity = 89.4
| year humidity = 80.2
| Jan sun = 55.8
| Feb sun = 71.3
| Mar sun = 126.2
| Apr sun = 181.4
| May sun = 228.2
| Jun sun = 232.4
| Jul sun = 241.3
| Aug sun = 238.9
| Sep sun = 162.2
| Oct sun = 112.8
| Nov sun = 56.1
| Dec sun = 45.2
| year sun = 1751.8
|source 1 = Institute of Meteorology and Water Management<ref name=IMGWtavg>
{{cite web
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20211203115527/https://klimat.imgw.pl/pl/climate-normals/TSR_AVE
| archive-date = 3 December 2021
| url = https://klimat.imgw.pl/pl/climate-normals/TSR_AVE
| title = Średnia dobowa temperatura powietrza
| work = Normy klimatyczne 1991-2020
| publisher = Institute of Meteorology and Water Management 
| language = pl
| access-date = 22 January 2022}}</ref><ref name=IMGWtmin>
{{cite web
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20220115043924/https://klimat.imgw.pl/pl/climate-normals/TMIN_AVE
| archive-date = 15 January 2022
| url = https://klimat.imgw.pl/pl/climate-normals/TMIN_AVE
| title = Średnia minimalna temperatura powietrza
| work = Normy klimatyczne 1991-2020
| publisher = Institute of Meteorology and Water Management 
| language = pl
| access-date = 22 January 2022}}</ref><ref name=IMGWtmax>
{{cite web
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20220115044916/https://klimat.imgw.pl/pl/climate-normals/TMAX_AVE
| archive-date = 15 January 2022
| url = https://klimat.imgw.pl/pl/climate-normals/TMAX_AVE
| title = Średnia maksymalna temperatura powietrza
| work = Normy klimatyczne 1991-2020
| publisher = Institute of Meteorology and Water Management 
| language = pl
| access-date = 22 January 2022}}</ref><ref name=IMGWprecip>
{{cite web
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20220109045820/https://klimat.imgw.pl/pl/climate-normals/OPAD_SUMA
| archive-date = 9 January 2022
| url = https://klimat.imgw.pl/pl/climate-normals/OPAD_SUMA
| title = Miesięczna suma opadu
| work = Normy klimatyczne 1991-2020
| publisher = Institute of Meteorology and Water Management 
| language = pl
| access-date = 22 January 2022}}</ref><ref name=IMGWprecipdays>
{{cite web
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20220115051112/https://klimat.imgw.pl/pl/climate-normals/OPAD_01
| archive-date = 15 January 2022
| url = https://klimat.imgw.pl/pl/climate-normals/OPAD_01
| title = Liczba dni z opadem >= 0,1 mm
| work = Normy klimatyczne 1991-2020
| publisher = Institute of Meteorology and Water Management 
| language = pl
| access-date = 22 January 2022}}</ref><ref name=IMGWsnowdepth>
{{cite web
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20220115054936/https://klimat.imgw.pl/pl/climate-normals/SNIEG_SR_GRUB
| archive-date = 15 January 2022
| url = https://klimat.imgw.pl/pl/climate-normals/SNIEG_SR_GRUB
| title = Średnia grubość pokrywy śnieżnej
| work = Normy klimatyczne 1991-2020
| publisher = Institute of Meteorology and Water Management 
| language = pl
| access-date = 22 January 2022}}</ref><ref name=IMGWsnowdays>
{{cite web
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20220121044246/https://klimat.imgw.pl/pl/climate-normals/SNIEG_0
| archive-date = 21 January 2022
| url = https://klimat.imgw.pl/pl/climate-normals/SNIEG_0
| title = Liczba dni z pokrywą śnieżna > 0 cm
| work = Normy klimatyczne 1991-2020
| publisher = Institute of Meteorology and Water Management 
| language = pl
| access-date = 22 January 2022}}</ref><ref name=IMGWsun>
{{cite web
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20220115055331/https://klimat.imgw.pl/pl/climate-normals/USL
| archive-date = 15 January 2022
| url = https://klimat.imgw.pl/pl/climate-normals/USL
| title = Średnia suma usłonecznienia (h)
| work = Normy klimatyczne 1991-2020
| publisher = Institute of Meteorology and Water Management 
| language = pl
| access-date = 22 January 2022}}</ref>
|source 2 = Meteomodel.pl (records, relative humidity 1991–2020)<ref name=recordhigh>
{{cite web
| url = https://meteomodel.pl/dane/srednie-miesieczne/?imgwid=350200570&par=tmax&max_empty=3
| title = Kielce–Suków Absolutna temperatura maksymalna
| publisher = Meteomodel.pl
| language = pl
| access-date = 22 January 2022}}</ref><ref name=recordlow>
{{cite web
| url = https://meteomodel.pl/dane/srednie-miesieczne/?imgwid=350200570&par=tmin&max_empty=3
| title = Kielce–Suków Absolutna temperatura minimalna
| publisher = Meteomodel.pl
| language = pl
| access-date = 22 January 2022}}</ref><ref name=relativehumidity>
{{cite web
| url = https://meteomodel.pl/dane/srednie-miesieczne/?imgwid=350200570&par=rh&max_empty=3
| title = Kielce–Suków Średnia wilgotność
| publisher = Meteomodel.pl
| language = pl
| access-date = 22 January 2022}}</ref>
}}

<small>Sources: 
http://www.kzgw.gov.pl/ {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100327190746/http://www.kzgw.gov.pl/ |date=2010-03-27 }}<ref name="KZGW">[http://www.kzgw.gov.pl/files/file/Materialy_i_Informacje/Programy/Program_wodno_Srodowiskowy/Zalacznik_3_Projekt_PWS.pdf Program wodno Srodowiskowy / Zalacznik 3 Projekt PWS.pdf]</ref>
ClimateBase.ru,<ref name="ClimateBase">{{cite web|url=http://climatebase.ru/station/12570/?lang=en|title=Climatebase.ru - Kielce, Poland|access-date=20 November 2016}}</ref> Tutiempo <ref name="TuTiempo August 2013">{{cite web|url=http://www.tutiempo.net/en/Climate/KIELCE/08-2013/125700.htm|title=Climate KIELCE (August 2013) - Climate data (125700)|first=Tutiempo Network|last=S.L.|access-date=20 November 2016}}</ref><ref name="TuTiempo April 2012">{{cite web|url=http://www.tutiempo.net/en/Climate/KIELCE/04-2012/125700.htm|title=Climate KIELCE (April 2012) - Climate data (125700)|first=Tutiempo Network|last=S.L.|access-date=20 November 2016}}</ref><ref name="TuTiempo July 2013">{{cite web|url=http://www.tutiempo.net/en/Climate/KIELCE/07-2013/125700.htm|title=Climate KIELCE (July 2013) - Climate data (125700)|first=Tutiempo Network|last=S.L.|access-date=20 November 2016}}</ref><ref name="ogimet September record 2015">
[http://ogimet.com/cgi-bin/gsynres?ord=REV&ndays=30&ano=2015&mes=09&day=02&hora=00&ind=12570 Ogimet September record, 2015: Kielce]</ref>
</small>