Editing Keloid (section)

==Epidemiology==
[[File:Medical aspect, Hiroshima, Japan, 1946-03-23, 342-USAF-11034.ogv|thumb|Hiroshima atomic bombing survivors showing numerous burn scars, including keloids]]
People of any age can develop a keloid. Children under 10 are less likely to develop keloids, even from ear piercing. Keloids may also develop from [[pseudofolliculitis barbae]]; continued shaving when one has razor bumps will irritate the bumps, infection, and over time, keloids will form. Persons with razor bumps are advised to stop shaving for the skin to repair itself before undertaking any form of hair removal. The tendency to form keloids is speculated to be hereditary.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Halim AS, Emami A, Salahshourifar I, Kannan TP | title = Keloid scarring: understanding the genetic basis, advances, and prospects | journal = Archives of Plastic Surgery | volume = 39 | issue = 3 | pages = 184–189 | date = May 2012 | pmid = 22783524 | pmc = 3385329 | doi = 10.5999/aps.2012.39.3.184 }}</ref> Keloids can tend to appear to grow over time without even piercing the skin, almost acting out a slow tumorous growth; the reason for this tendency is unknown.

Extensive burns, either thermal or [[Radiation burn|radiological]], can lead to unusually large keloids; these are especially common in firebombing casualties and were a signature effect of the [[atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki]].

The true incidence and prevalence of keloid in the United States are not known. Indeed, there has never been a population study to assess the epidemiology of this disorder. In his 2001 publication, Marneros<ref name=pmid11708945>{{cite journal | vauthors = Marneros AG, Norris JE, Olsen BR, Reichenberger E | title = Clinical genetics of familial keloids | journal = Archives of Dermatology | volume = 137 | issue = 11 | pages = 1429–1434 | date = November 2001 | pmid = 11708945 | doi = 10.1001/archderm.137.11.1429 | doi-access =  }}</ref> stated that “reported incidence of keloids in the general population ranges from a high of 16% among the adults in the Democratic Republic of the Congo to a low of 0.09% in England,” quoting from Bloom's 1956 publication on heredity of keloids.<ref name=pmid13288798>{{cite journal | vauthors = Bloom D | title = Heredity of keloids; review of the literature and report of a family with multiple keloids in five generations | journal = New York State Journal of Medicine | volume = 56 | issue = 4 | pages = 511–519 | date = February 1956 | pmid = 13288798 }}</ref> Clinical observations show that the disorder is more common among sub-Saharan Africans, African Americans and Asians, with unreliable and very wide estimated prevalence rates ranging from 4.5 to 16%.<ref name="pmid17628822">{{cite journal | vauthors = Froelich K, Staudenmaier R, Kleinsasser N, Hagen R | title = Therapy of auricular keloids: review of different treatment modalities and proposal for a therapeutic algorithm | journal = European Archives of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology | volume = 264 | issue = 12 | pages = 1497–1508 | date = December 2007 | pmid = 17628822 | doi = 10.1007/s00405-007-0383-0 | s2cid = 25168874 }}</ref><ref name=pmid20927486>{{cite journal | vauthors = Gauglitz GG, Korting HC, Pavicic T, Ruzicka T, Jeschke MG | title = Hypertrophic scarring and keloids: pathomechanisms and current and emerging treatment strategies | journal = Molecular Medicine | volume = 17 | issue = 1–2 | pages = 113–125 | year = 2011 | pmid = 20927486 | pmc = 3022978 | doi = 10.2119/molmed.2009.00153 }}</ref>