Editing Julio-Claudian dynasty (section)

===Nero===
{{Main|Nero}}
Nero became emperor in AD 54 at sixteen, the youngest emperor yet. Like his maternal uncle Caligula before him, Nero was also a direct descendant of Augustus, a fact which made his ascension to the throne much easier and smoother than it had been for Tiberius or Claudius. Ancient historians describe Nero's early reign as being strongly influenced by his mother [[Agrippina the Younger]], his tutor [[Seneca the Younger|Seneca]], and the Praetorian Prefect [[Sextus Afranius Burrus|Burrus]], especially in the first year. In the first year of his reign, Nero had left all of the day-to-day running of the Empire to his mother [[Agrippina the Younger]]. He was made Emperor over his step-brother, Claudius' son [[Britannicus]], who he had killed. Agrippina was believed to have poisoned Claudius, having allegedly poisoned her second husband [[Gaius Sallustius Crispus Passienus]]. She had also arranged the deaths of Caligula's third wife, [[Lollia Paulina]] and Messalina's mother [[Domitia Lepida the Younger]]. She saw that the dynasty's numbers dwindle with the execution of [[Marcus Junius Silanus Torquatus (consul 46)|Marcus Junius Silanus Torquatus]], a grandson of Julia the Younger, to strengthen Nero's claim, having previously arranged the death of his brother [[Lucius Junius Silanus Torquatus]]. In AD 55, Nero began taking on a more active role as an administrator. He was consul four times between AD 55 and 60. Nero consolidated power over time through the execution and banishment of his rivals and slowly usurped authority from the Senate. He reportedly arranged the death of his own mother and after divorcing his wife [[Claudia Octavia]], daughter of Claudius' and Messalina, he had her killed. Other relatives whom Nero was believed to have had killed were Claudius' daughter by Aelia Paetina, [[Claudia Antonia]], her husband and half-brother of Messalina, [[Faustus Cornelius Sulla Felix]], [[Decimus Junius Silanus Torquatus]], brother of Marcus and Lucius Junius Silanus Torquantus, as well as Marcus' son, also named Lucius, his aunt [[Domitia Lepida the Elder]], and [[Rubellius Plautus]], son of Julia Livia along with his wife, children and father-in-law.

In AD 64 [[Great Fire of Rome|Rome burned]]. Nero enacted a public relief effort as well as large reconstruction projects. To fund this, the provinces were heavily taxed following the fire.

By AD 65, senators complained that they had no power left and this led to the Pisonian conspiracy, led by [[Gaius Calpurnius Piso (conspirator)|Gaius Calpurnius Piso]], an adoptive descendant of Triumvir [[Marcus Licinius Crassus]], grandson of [[Gnaeus Calpurnius Piso (consul 7 BC)|Gnaeus Calpurnius Piso]], a governor of Syria who committed suicide after being accused of killing Germanicus, and first husband of [[Livia Orestilla]], Caligula's second wife. The conspiracy failed and its members were executed.  Vacancies after the conspiracy allowed [[Nymphidius Sabinus]], a grandson of former imperial freedman [[Gaius Julius Callistus]], who claimed to be an illegitimate son of Caligula, to rise in the Praetorian Guard.

In late AD 67 or early 68, [[Vindex]], the governor of [[Gallia Lugdunensis]] in [[Gaul]], rebelled against Nero's tax policies. [[Lucius Virginius Rufus]], the governor of superior Germany, was sent to put down the rebellion. To gain support, Vindex called on [[Galba]], the governor of [[Hispania Citerior]] (in the [[Iberian Peninsula]]), to become emperor. Virginius Rufus defeated Vindex's forces and Vindex committed suicide. Galba was declared a public enemy and his legion was confined in the city of Clunia.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Julio-Claudian Dynasty |url=https://www.crystalinks.com/JulioClaudianDynasty.html|access-date=2022-02-22|website=www.crystalinks.com|archive-date=2022-02-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220222142401/https://www.crystalinks.com/JulioClaudianDynasty.html|url-status=live}}</ref>

Nero had regained the control of the empire militarily, but this opportunity was used by his enemies in Rome. [[Nymphidius Sabinus]], who desired to become emperor himself, bribed the Praetorian Guard to betray Nero. Sabinus was later murdered in favour of Galba.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://roman-emperors.sites.luc.edu/sabinus.htm |title=An Online Encyclopedia of Roman Emperors |last=Coffta |first=David J. |date=1996 |access-date=October 12, 2022 |archive-date=October 12, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221012213459/https://roman-emperors.sites.luc.edu/sabinus.htm |url-status=live }}</ref><!-- not sure this ref is needed since the material is covered in the linked article -->

Nero reportedly committed suicide with the help of his scribe [[Epaphroditus (freedman of Nero)|Epaphroditus]]. The Senate had been trying to preserve the dynastic bloodline by saving Nero's life, and were additionally reluctant to let someone who was not of the family become emperor; however, once he had committed suicide, and with Galba marching on the city, it had no choice but to declare him a public enemy posthumously. With his death, the reign of the Julio-Claudian dynasty came to an end. Chaos then ensued in the [[Year of the Four Emperors]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Julio-Claudian dynasty {{!}} ancient Rome {{!}} Britannica |url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Julio-Claudian-dynasty |access-date=2022-06-23 |website=www.britannica.com |language=en |archive-date=2020-09-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200901160710/https://www.britannica.com/topic/Julio-Claudian-dynasty |url-status=live }}</ref>