Editing Jubilee line (section)

==Current Jubilee line==
Open since 1979, the Jubilee line is the newest<!-- Editors who are tempted to consider the Elizabeth line to now be the newest should remember that the Elizabeth line is *not* part of the Underground network --> line of the London Underground network. The trains were upgraded in 1997 to the 1996 stock. In 1999, trains began running to Stratford instead of Charing Cross, serving areas once poorly connected to the London Underground network.

=== Station features ===
Stations north of Baker Street were not initially built specifically for the Jubilee line. In 1939, two new stations, St John's Wood and Swiss Cottage, were opened on the then-new Bakerloo line branch to Stanmore and have more traditional tube station features. Stations north of Finchley Road were opened by the Metropolitan Railway (now the Metropolitan line), but they became part of the Bakerloo line in 1939, with only Wembley Park being shared with the Metropolitan. In 1979, the Jubilee line took over the whole of the Stanmore branch of the Bakerloo line between Baker Street and Stanmore. New platforms were built for the Jubilee line at Baker Street (westbound platform; the eastbound one opened in 1939), Bond Street, Green Park and Charing Cross.

Stations on the [[Jubilee Line Extension]] feature:<ref name=":02" /><ref name=":4" />
*step-free access to street level
*contemporary architecture with overall design of the project led by [[Roland Paoletti]], and stations designed by a different architect (e.g. Canary Wharf by [[Foster and Partners]], North Greenwich by [[Will Alsop|Alsop, Lyall and Störmer]])
*substantially more escalators than previous stations (increasing the number of escalators on the Underground by half)<ref name=":04">{{cite book |last=Glover |first=John |title=London's Underground |publisher=Ian Allan Publishing Ltd |year=2010 |isbn=978-0-7110-3429-7 |edition=11th |location=Hersham |pages=127–131}}</ref>
*modern fire safety standards including evacuation routes and ventilation shafts
*[[platform edge doors]]

The stations have subsequently been praised as exemplary pieces of 20th-century architecture.<ref>{{Cite web |date=10 May 2022 |title=Elizabeth Line "more mannered" than Jubilee predecessor says head of architecture |url=https://www.dezeen.com/2022/05/10/elizabeth-line-crossrail-architecture-interviews/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220808182022/https://www.dezeen.com/2022/05/10/elizabeth-line-crossrail-architecture-interviews/ |archive-date=8 August 2022 |access-date=8 August 2022 |website=Dezeen}}</ref> The platform edge doors were introduced primarily to prevent draughts underground and to assist in air flow. They also prevent people from falling or jumping onto the track, as well as the build-up of litter.<ref name=":02" /><ref name=":4" />

=== Rolling stock ===
[[File:1996 stock driver car.png|thumb|1996 tube stock driving car]]
[[File:1996 stock trailer car.png|thumb|1996 tube stock trailer car]]
[[File:Au Morandarte Flickr DSC00076 (10112746033).jpg|thumb|1996 stock to Willesden Green arriving at {{lus|West Hampstead}}]]
When the Jubilee line was opened, it was operated by [[London Underground 1972 Stock|1972 stock]]. From 1984, this was gradually replaced by the new [[London Underground 1983 Stock|1983 stock]]; the displaced 1972 stock was transferred to the Bakerloo line. The 1983 stock proved to be unreliable and troublesome in service,{{Citation needed|date=May 2007}} with single-leaf doors making passenger loading and unloading a slower process than on other stock with wider door openings. With the construction of the Jubilee Line Extension, the opportunity was taken to introduce new trains, and today the line is worked by [[London Underground 1996 Stock|1996 stock]], which has an exterior similar to the [[London Underground 1995 Stock|1995 stock]] in use on the [[Northern line]]. 

The new stock has internal displays and automated announcements to provide passengers with information on the train's route. At first, the displayed text was static and showed only the destination of the train, but later showed also the name of the next station and interchanges there. Subsequent modifications introduced scrolling text. The 1996 stock uses a different motor from the 1995 stock and has a motor design similar to [[British Rail Class 365|Class 365]], [[British Rail Class 465|Class 465]], and [[British Rail Class 466|Class 466]] [[Networker (train)|Networker]] trains.

=== Seventh car upgrade ===
The Jubilee line closed for three days from 25 December 2005 in order to add an extra car to each six-car train.<ref>{{Cite press release |url=http://www.tfl.gov.uk/static/corporate/media/newscentre/archive/3816.html |title=Travel advice for the festive season |date=19 December 2005 |access-date=9 March 2010 |publisher=Transport for London}}</ref> The line had to be closed as six- and seven-car trains could not run in service at the same time, because the platform-edge doors at Jubilee Line Extension stations could not cater for both train lengths simultaneously. The signalling system was also modified to work with the longer trains.

An extra four complete seven-car trains were added to the fleet, bringing the total to 63. This enabled the period during which a full service could be run to be increased. The full fleet was not required to be available until full advantage could be taken of the new signalling system.

The result of the seventh-car upgrade was a 17% increase in capacity, allowing 6,000 more passengers per hour to use the line. Work was completed and the line reopened two days ahead of schedule, on 28 December 2005.

=== Signalling system ===
Since 2011, the Jubilee line has [[automatic train operation]] (ATO), using the [[SelTrac]] S40 [[moving block]] system.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thalesgroup.com/en/underground|title=Underground Thales Group|website=www.thalesgroup.com/en|access-date=2019-03-27|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190327144808/https://www.thalesgroup.com/en/underground|archive-date=27 March 2019|url-status=dead}}</ref> This provides capacity for 30 trains per hour.<ref>{{cite web|title=JUBILEE, NORTHERN & PICCADILLY LINES|url=http://www.railway-strategies.com/2017/03/22/jubilee-northern-piccadilly-lines/|website=Railway Strategies|access-date=29 September 2017|date=1 March 2017|archive-date=29 September 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170929054505/http://www.railway-strategies.com/2017/03/22/jubilee-northern-piccadilly-lines/|url-status=dead}}</ref>

Migration to the system was problematic. The programme of temporary closures for engineering work was criticised by local politicians<ref name="fordham">{{cite web |url=http://474towin.blogspot.com/2009/08/dont-close-our-community-off-at.html |title=Don't close our community off at the weekends, please |publisher=Ed Fordham blog |date=19 August 2009 |access-date=4 December 2009}}</ref> as well as by the management of venues such as [[Wembley Stadium]] and [[The O2 Arena (London)|The O2]] because visitors to major concerts and sporting events had to travel by rail replacement bus.<ref name="es-nexyear">{{Cite news |url=http://www.thisislondon.co.uk/standard/article-23754564-jubilee-line-closures-to-go-on-next-year.do |work=London Evening Standard |title=Jubilee line closures to go on next year |last=Murray |first=Dick |date=9 October 2009 |access-date=1 December 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091012111500/http://www.thisislondon.co.uk/standard/article-23754564-jubilee-line-closures-to-go-on-next-year.do |archive-date=12 October 2009 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |url=http://www.thisislondon.co.uk/standard/article-23695351-o2-not-thrilled-as-jubilee-line-shuts-for-michael-jacksons-big-tour.do |title=O2 not thrilled as Jubilee line shuts for Michael Jackson's big tour |last=Barney |first=Katharine |author2=Singh, Amar |date=20 May 2009 |access-date=1 December 2009 |work=London Evening Standard |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110605083947/http://www.thisislondon.co.uk/standard/article-23695351-o2-not-thrilled-as-jubilee-line-shuts-for-michael-jacksons-big-tour.do |archive-date=5 June 2011 |url-status=dead }}</ref> The management of the project by [[Tube Lines]] was criticised by [[London TravelWatch]] for its delayed delivery date,<ref name="ltw-delays">{{cite web |url=http://www.londontravelwatch.org.uk/news.php?id=668 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20121224042859/http://www.londontravelwatch.org.uk/news.php?id=668 |url-status=dead |archive-date=24 December 2012 |title=Comment on Jubilee Line delays |publisher=London TravelWatch |access-date=1 December 2009 }}</ref> and a report by the [[London Assembly]] referred to the weekly line closures as "chaotic".<ref name="assembly-report1">{{Cite news |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/england/london/8387560.stm |title=Tube crowds 'at shocking levels' |date=1 December 2009 |work=BBC News |access-date=1 December 2009}}</ref><ref name="assembly-report2">{{cite web|url=http://www.london.gov.uk/assembly/reports/transport/too-close-for-comfort.pdf |title=Too close for comfort: Passengers' experiences of the London Underground |date=December 2009 |publisher=London Assembly Transport Committee |access-date=4 December 2009 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091229055337/http://www.london.gov.uk/assembly/reports/transport/too-close-for-comfort.pdf |archive-date=29 December 2009 }}</ref>

=== 4G connectivity ===
In March 2020, a [[leaky feeder]] based system was brought online in the Jubilee line tunnels, between Westminster and Canning Town.<ref name=":0">{{Cite press release |title=4G on Jubilee line tunnel section from March 2020|url=https://tfl.gov.uk/info-for/media/press-releases/2019/july/4g-on-jubilee-line-tunnel-section-from-march-2020|access-date=2021-03-12|website=Transport for London }}</ref> The development of this system arose from the Home Office's desire to provide coverage for its new [[Emergency Services Network]] on the London Underground. It allows passengers to receive 4G connectivity both in the tunnels and on station platforms.<ref>{{Cite magazine|last=Kobie|first=Nicole|date=2020-02-05|title=Inside the messy mission to bring 4G to the London Underground|language=en-GB|magazine=Wired UK|url=https://www.wired.co.uk/article/london-underground-4g|access-date=2021-03-12|issn=1357-0978}}</ref>

When opened, it was the first section of London Underground tunnel to receive 4G and 5G connectivity. It was followed in December 2022 and into 2023 by a section of the Central line between [[Queensway tube station|Queensway]] and [[Holland Park tube station|Holland Park]] and the Northern line between [[Archway tube station|Archway]] and [[Mornington Crescent tube station|Mornington Crescent]].<ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |title=Connected London |url=https://www.tfl.gov.uk/info-for/business-and-advertisers/connected-london |access-date=2023-07-26 |website=Transport for London |language=en-GB}}</ref> TfL intends to deploy the technology across the entire Tube network by the mid-2020s.<ref name=":0" />