Editing Jenin (section)

===Crusader, Ayyubid and Mamluk periods===
Jenin came under [[Crusaders|Crusader]] rule in 1103.<ref name="Khalidi"/> The Crusaders called it ''Le Grand Guerin'' (Latin: ''Garinum'' or ''Gallina Major''),<ref name="Sharon172"/> to distinguish it from the town of [[Zir'in]], which they called ''Petit Grin''.<ref name="Khalidi">{{cite book|title=All That Remains: The Palestinian Villages Occupied and Depopulated by Israel in 1948|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_By7AAAAIAAJ |first=W.|last=Khalidi|author-link=Walid Khalidi|year=1992|location=[[Washington D.C.]]|publisher=[[Institute for Palestine Studies]]|isbn=0-88728-224-5}}</ref> Under the Crusaders it was a small [[seigniory]], forming part of the [[Principality of Galilee]] or the [[Kingdom of Jerusalem]].<ref name="Sharon172"/>

Shortly before the [[Battle of Hattin]] in 1187, Jenin was captured by the [[Ayyubid dynasty|Ayyubid]] sultan [[Saladin]],<ref name="Sharon172"/> who destroyed the nearby fort, Castellum Beleismum.<ref name="Boas">{{cite book|title=Archaeology of the Military Orders: A Survey of the Urban Centres, Rural Settlements and Castles of the Military Orders in the Latin East (c.1120-1291) |first=Adrian|last=Boas|year=2006|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-1-134-42284-5}}</ref> In the 1220s, the geographer [[Yaqut al-Hamawi]] described Jenin as "a small and beautiful town, lying between [[Nabulus]] and [[Beisan]], in the Jordan Province. There is much water, and many springs are found here, and often have I visited it."<ref>Cited in le Strange, 1890, p. [https://archive.org/stream/palestineundermo00lestuoft#page/464/mode/1up 464]</ref> In 1229, a peace was concluded between [[Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor]] and Sultan [[al-Kamil]], during the [[Sixth Crusade]], whereby the city was given to the Crusaders, but Sultan [[as-Salih Ayyub]] was able to control it permanently in 1244 after the [[Battle of La Forbie]].{{citation needed|date=October 2020}}

In 1255, it was agreed between the Ayyubid sultan in Syria, [[an-Nasir Yusuf]], and the first [[Mamluk Sultanate (Cairo)|Mamluk]] sultan in Egypt, [[Izz al-Din Aybak]], to give the latter all of the lands lying west of the [[Jordan River]], and thus Jenin entered into the possession of the Mamluks.{{citation needed|date=October 2020}} It was one of eleven subdistricts of Mamlakat Safad (Province of [[Safed]]).<ref name="Sharon174"/> In the late 13th century, Mamluk [[emir]]s (commanders) stationed at Jenin were ordered by Sultan [[Qalawun]] ({{reign|1279|1290}}) "to ride every day with their troops before the fortress of '[[Acre, Israel|Akka]], so as to protect the coast and the merchants."<ref name=Ayalonp168>Ayalon and Sharon, 1986, [https://books.google.com/books?id=PehCQz9Rt8oC&dq=jenin+mamluk&pg=PA168 p. 168].</ref> As one of the stations of the Mamluk ''[[barid]]'' (postal route) between the Mamluk capital [[Cairo]] and [[Damascus]], it was one of the towns where fires were lit to warn of a [[Mongol Empire|Mongol]] attack.<ref name="Sharon174">Sharon 2017, p. 174.</ref> The geographer [[Al-Dimashqi (geographer)|al-Dimashqi]] mentioned Jenin around 1300.<ref>Cited in le Strange, 1890, p. [https://archive.org/stream/palestineundermo00lestuoft#page/41/mode/1up 41]</ref> From the time of Qalawun's son, Sultan [[an-Nasir Muhammad]] ({{reign|1299|1309|1310|1341}}), it was a station on the route where ice was transported to Cairo for the sultans' drink houses.<ref name="Sharon174"/> The Mamluk historian [[al-Qalqashandi]] (d. 1418) described Jenin as "an ancient spacious town which is riding on a shoulder of a nice valley in which there is a river of flowing water" north of [[Qaqun]] "on the top end of Marj Bani Amer [Jezreel Valley]".<ref name="Sharon174"/> He also noted that it contained the mausoleum of [[Dihyah al-Kalbi]], a [[companions of Muhammad|companion]] of the Islamic prophet [[Muhammad]].<ref name="Sharon174"/>