Editing Jazz (section)

===Roles of women===
{{Main|Women in jazz}}
[[File:Ethel_Waters_-_William_P._Gottlieb.jpg|thumb|right|175px|[[Ethel Waters]] sang "[[Stormy Weather (song)|Stormy Weather]]" at the [[Cotton Club]].]]
Female jazz performers and composers have contributed to jazz throughout its history. Although [[Betty Carter]], [[Ella Fitzgerald]], [[Adelaide Hall]], [[Billie Holiday]], [[Peggy Lee]], [[Abbey Lincoln]], [[Anita O'Day]], [[Dinah Washington]], and [[Ethel Waters]] were recognized for their vocal talent, less familiar were bandleaders, composers, and instrumentalists such as pianist [[Lil Hardin Armstrong]], trumpeter [[Valaida Snow]], and songwriters [[Irene Higginbotham]] and [[Dorothy Fields]]. Women began playing instruments in jazz in the early 1920s, drawing particular recognition on piano.<ref name=Murph>{{cite web |title=NPR's Jazz Profiles: Women In Jazz, Part 1 |url= https://news.npr.org/programs/jazzprofiles/archive/women_1.html |website=NPR |access-date= June 16, 2021 |first=John |last=Murph}}</ref>

When male jazz musicians were drafted during World War II, many [[all-female bands]] replaced them.<ref name=Murph/> [[The International Sweethearts of Rhythm]], which was founded in 1937, was a popular band that became the first all-female integrated band in the U.S. and the first to travel with the [[USO]], touring Europe in 1945. Women were members of the big bands of [[Woody Herman]] and [[Gerald Wilson]]. Beginning in the 1950s, many women jazz instrumentalists were prominent, some sustaining long careers. Some of the most distinctive improvisers, composers, and bandleaders in jazz have been women.<ref name="Placksin">{{cite book |last1=Placksin |first1=Sally |title=Jazzwomen |date=1985 |publisher=[[Pluto Press]] |location=London}}</ref> Trombonist [[Melba Liston]] is acknowledged as the first female horn player to work in major bands and to make a real impact on jazz, not only as a musician but also as a respected composer and arranger, particularly through her collaborations with [[Randy Weston]] from the late 1950s into the 1990s.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1999-apr-28-mn-31919-story.html|title=Melba Liston; Jazz Trombonist, Composer|first=Myrna|last=Oliver|newspaper=Los Angeles Times|date=April 28, 1999}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|url=http://www.cocosse-journal.org/2019/04/the-first-woman-trombonist-in-big-bands.html|title=The First Woman Trombonist in Big Bands – Melba Liston, 1926–1999|first=S. |last=Beckett|journal=Cocosse Journal|date=April 2019}}</ref>