Editing Java applet (section)

== Compatibility-related lawsuits ==
[[Sun Microsystems|Sun]] made considerable efforts to ensure compatibility is maintained between Java versions as they evolve, enforcing Java portability by law if required. Oracle seems to be continuing the same strategy.

=== 1997: Sun vs Microsoft ===
The 1997 lawsuit,<ref name="s1997">{{cite web |last1=Zukowski |first1=John |date=1997-10-01 |url=https://www.infoworld.com/article/2077055/what-does-sun-s-lawsuit-against-microsoft-mean-for-java-developers-.html |title=What does Sun's lawsuit against Microsoft mean for Java developers? |work=[[JavaWorld]] |access-date=2020-07-13}}</ref> was filed after Microsoft created a modified [[Microsoft Java Virtual Machine|Java Virtual Machine of their own]], which shipped with Internet Explorer. Microsoft added about 50 methods and 50 fields<ref name="s1997"/> into the classes within the ''java.awt, java.lang'', and ''java.io'' packages. Other modifications included removal of [[Java remote method invocation|RMI]] capability and replacement of [[Java Native Interface]] from JNI to [[Java Native Interface#Alternatives|RNI]], a different standard. RMI was removed because it only easily supports Java to Java communications and competes with Microsoft [[Distributed Component Object Model|DCOM]] technology. Applets that relied on these changes or just inadvertently used them worked only within Microsoft's Java system. Sun sued for breach of [[trademark]], as the point of Java was that there should be no proprietary extensions and that code should work everywhere. Microsoft agreed to pay Sun $20 million, and Sun agreed to grant Microsoft limited license to use Java without modifications only and for a limited time.<ref name="sun_suits">{{cite web|url=http://www.sun.com/lawsuit/summary.html|title=Sun's page, devoted for the lawsuits against Microsoft|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090819120756/http://www.sun.com/lawsuit/summary.html|archive-date=19 August 2009|url-status=dead}}</ref>

=== 2002: Sun vs Microsoft ===
Microsoft continued to ship its own unmodified Java virtual machine. Over the years it became extremely outdated yet still default for Internet Explorer. A later study revealed that applets of this time often contain their own classes that mirror [[Swing (Java)|Swing]] and other newer features in a limited way.<ref>[http://kenai.com/projects/ultrastudio-org/forums/message-forum/topics/7034-Most-common-problems-found-in-the-code-of-the-reviewed-applets Kenai.com (2011)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110823154347/http://kenai.com/projects/ultrastudio-org/forums/message-forum/topics/7034-Most-common-problems-found-in-the-code-of-the-reviewed-applets |date=23 August 2011 }} Most common problems, found in the code of the reviewed applets.</ref> In 2002, Sun filed an [[antitrust]] lawsuit, claiming that Microsoft's attempts at illegal monopolization had harmed the Java platform. Sun demanded Microsoft distribute Sun's current, binary implementation of Java technology as part of Windows, distribute it as a recommended update for older Microsoft desktop operating systems and stop the distribution of Microsoft's Virtual Machine (as its licensing time, agreed in the prior lawsuit, had expired).<ref name="sun_suits"/> Microsoft paid $700 million for pending antitrust issues, another $900 million for patent issues and a $350 million royalty fee to use Sun's software in the future.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.microsoft.com/presspass/press/2004/apr04/04-02SunAgreementPR.mspx |title=Microsoft and Sun Microsystems Enter Broad Cooperation Agreement; Settle Outstanding Litigation: Ten Year Agreement Sets New Framework for Industry Cooperation; Reduces Cost and Complexity for Customers |date=25 February 2010 |publisher= [[Microsoft]]|access-date=22 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100225015449/http://www.microsoft.com/presspass/press/2004/apr04/04-02SunAgreementPR.mspx |archive-date=25 February 2010 |url-status=dead}}</ref>{{primary source inline|date=July 2018}}