Editing Jakarta (section)

===Climate===
[[File:Rainy Jakarta.jpg|thumb|170px|[[Drizzling]] in Jakarta]]
Jakarta experiences a [[tropical monsoon climate]] ([[Köppen climate classification|Köppen]]: ''Am'') as classified by the system. The city's [[wet season]] spans most of the year, from October to May. The [[dry season]] lasts from June to September, with each of these months receiving less than {{convert|100|mm|1}} of rainfall on average. Situated in the western part of Java, Jakarta sees its highest rainfall in January and February, averaging {{convert|299.7|mm|1}} per month, while the driest month is August, with an average rainfall of {{convert|43.2|mm|1}}.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://waterindonesiaexpo.com/visiting/travel/general-information/|title=General Information|publisher=Water Indonesia|access-date=16 July 2024|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240716145139/https://waterindonesiaexpo.com/visiting/travel/general-information/|archive-date=16 July 2024}}</ref>

Every year faces recurring issues, such as [[floods]] and [[thunderstorms]]. A [[Upper tropospheric cyclonic vortex|cyclonic vortex]] leads to moisture convergence over a large area, including western Java Island. Additionally, this vortex causes a mainly meridional monsoon flow, where near-surface winds blow almost perfectly from north to south over West Java. The impact of these predominant northerly winds hitting the rugged topography in southern West Java likely contributes to the increased convection that causes floods in Jakarta.<ref>{{cite web|title=Monsoon Effect at Flood Phenomena on 2002 and 2007 in DKI-Jakarta|url=http://eprints.undip.ac.id/2067/1/Monsoon_Effect_at_Flood_Phenomena_on_2002_and_2007_in_DKI-Jakarta.pdf|website=UNDIP INSTITUTIONAL REPOSITORY|access-date=22 November 2012|archive-date=22 November 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121122074409/http://eprints.undip.ac.id/2067/1/Monsoon_Effect_at_Flood_Phenomena_on_2002_and_2007_in_DKI-Jakarta.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref>

Average temperatures are very high with moderate rainfall. During the day, the temperature usually hovers around {{convert|32|°C|°F|1|abbr=on}} but drops to about {{convert|24|°C|°F|1|abbr=on}} in the evening. These are average temperatures, and some days can be hotter. It's advisable to dress appropriately to handle the heat. January is the rainiest month, with over {{convert|300|mm|1}} of precipitation, whereas August is the driest, with around {{convert|45|mm|1}} of rainfall. The average temperature in the coldest month (February) is {{convert|27|°C|°F|1|abbr=on}}, and in the warmest month (October), it is {{convert|28|°C|°F|1|abbr=on}}. Sea temperatures range from {{convert|26.5|°C|°F|1|abbr=on}} in August to {{convert|29.5|°C|°F|1|abbr=on}} in March, April, November, and December.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://weather-and-climate.com/Jakarta-June-averages|title=Jakarta weather in June (Jakarta Province, Indonesia)|publisher=Weather & Climate|access-date=20 July 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.climatestotravel.com/climate/indonesia/jakarta|title=Weather and climate in Jakarta (Indonesia)|publisher= Climates to travel|access-date=20 June 2023|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230122050301/https://www.climatestotravel.com/climate/indonesia/jakarta|archive-date=22 January 2023}}</ref> Record low temperatures in Jakarta recorded {{convert|18.9|°C|°F|1|abbr=on}}, while the highest record reached {{convert|37.9|°C|°F|1|abbr=on}}.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.mherrera.org/temp.htm|title=Extreme temperatures around the world|publisher=Maximiliano Herrera's Human Rights Site|access-date=20 July 2016}}</ref>
{{Weather box
|location= downtown Jakarta ([[Kemayoran]]) (1991–2020 normals)
|metric first=yes
|single line=yes
|Jan record high C=36.9
|Feb record high C=35.8
|Mar record high C=36.0
|Apr record high C=35.9
|May record high C=36.1
|Jun record high C=36.3
|Jul record high C=35.6
|Aug record high C=35.6
|Sep record high C=37.1
|Oct record high C=37.9
|Nov record high C=37.1
|Dec record high C=36.7
|Jan record low C=20.6
|Feb record low C=20.6
|Mar record low C=20.6
|Apr record low C=20.6
|May record low C=21.1
|Jun record low C=19.4
|Jul record low C=19.4
|Aug record low C=19.4
|Sep record low C=18.9
|Oct record low C=20.6
|Nov record low C=20.0
|Dec record low C=19.4
|Jan high C =  31.0
|Feb high C =  30.8
|Mar high C =  32.1
|Apr high C =  32.8
|May high C =  33.2
|Jun high C =  32.9
|Jul high C =  32.7
|Aug high C =  33.0
|Sep high C =  33.4
|Oct high C =  33.4
|Nov high C =  32.8
|Dec high C =  32.0
| year high C =  32.5
|Jan mean C =  27.5
|Feb mean C =  27.3
|Mar mean C =  28.0
|Apr mean C =  28.4
|May mean C =  28.7
|Jun mean C =  28.4
|Jul mean C =  28.2
|Aug mean C =  28.3
|Sep mean C =  28.6
|Oct mean C =  28.8
|Nov mean C =  28.4
|Dec mean C =  28.0
| year mean C =  28.2
|Jan low C =  25.2
|Feb low C =  25.2
|Mar low C =  25.5
|Apr low C =  25.6
|May low C =  25.8
|Jun low C =  25.5
|Jul low C =  25.3
|Aug low C =  25.3
|Sep low C =  25.5
|Oct low C =  25.6
|Nov low C =  25.6
|Dec low C =  25.5
| year low C =  25.5
|precipitation colour = green
|Jan precipitation mm =  373.3
|Feb precipitation mm =  381.4
|Mar precipitation mm =  210.4
|Apr precipitation mm =  164.1
|May precipitation mm =  103.2
|Jun precipitation mm =  80.4
|Jul precipitation mm =  77.7
|Aug precipitation mm =  51.5
|Sep precipitation mm =  61.0
|Oct precipitation mm =  112.2
|Nov precipitation mm =  134.8
|Dec precipitation mm =  183.3
| year precipitation mm =  1933.3
| unit precipitation days = 1.0 mm
|Jan precipitation days =  17.5
|Feb precipitation days =  17.9
|Mar precipitation days =  14.1
|Apr precipitation days =  11.5
|May precipitation days =  8.2
|Jun precipitation days =  6.2
|Jul precipitation days =  4.8
|Aug precipitation days =  3.3
|Sep precipitation days =  4.0
|Oct precipitation days =  7.4
|Nov precipitation days =  10.4
|Dec precipitation days =  12.8
|year precipitation days =  118.1
|Jan humidity=85
|Feb humidity=85
|Mar humidity=83
|Apr humidity=82
|May humidity=82
|Jun humidity=81
|Jul humidity=78
|Aug humidity=76
|Sep humidity=75
|Oct humidity=77
|Nov humidity=81
|Dec humidity=82
|year humidity=81
|Jan sun = 139.5
|Feb sun = 138.3
|Mar sun = 189.1
|Apr sun = 216.0
|May sun = 220.1
|Jun sun = 219.0
|Jul sun = 229.4
|Aug sun = 235.6
|Sep sun = 225.0
|Oct sun = 207.7
|Nov sun = 180.0
|Dec sun = 148.8
|year sun = 	
|Jand sun = 4.5
|Febd sun = 5.2
|Mard sun = 6.1
|Aprd sun = 7.2
|Mayd sun = 7.1
|Jund sun = 7.3
|Juld sun = 7.4
|Augd sun = 7.6
|Sepd sun = 7.5
|Octd sun = 6.7
|Novd sun = 6.0
|Decd sun = 4.8
|yeard sun =	
| source 1 = [[World Meteorological Organization]]<ref name=WMO>{{cite web
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20231019195817/https://www.nodc.noaa.gov/archive/arc0216/0253808/1.1/data/0-data/Region-5-WMO-Normals-9120/Indonesia/CSV/StasiunMeteorologiKemayoran_96745.csv
| archive-date = 19 October 2023
| url = https://www.nodc.noaa.gov/archive/arc0216/0253808/1.1/data/0-data/Region-5-WMO-Normals-9120/Indonesia/CSV/StasiunMeteorologiKemayoran_96745.csv
| title = World Meteorological Organization Climate Normals for 1991–2020
| work = World Meteorological Organization Climatological Standard Normals (1991–2020)
| publisher = National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
| access-date = 19 October 2023}}</ref>
|source 2=Sistema de Clasificación Bioclimática Mundial,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.globalbioclimatics.org/station/in-halim.htm |title=Indonesia – Halim Perdanakus |publisher=Centro de Investigaciones Fitosociológicas |access-date=26 June 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210614155103/http://www.globalbioclimatics.org/station/in-halim.htm |archive-date=14 June 2021 |url-status=live}}</ref> [[Danish Meteorological Institute]] (humidity),<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.dmi.dk/dmi/tr01-17.pdf |title=Stations Number 96745 |publisher=Ministry of Energy, Utilities and Climate |access-date=26 June 2016 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130116071752/http://www.dmi.dk/dmi/tr01-17.pdf |archive-date=16 January 2013}}</ref> [[Deutscher Wetterdienst]] (daily sun 1889–1921)<ref name = DWD>
{{cite web |url=https://www.dwd.de/DWD/klima/beratung/ak/ak_967450_kt.pdf |title=Klimatafel von Jakarta (Stadt, Obs.), West-Java / Indonesien|work=Baseline climate means (1961–1990) from stations all over the world |publisher=Deutscher Wetterdienst |language=de| access-date = 10 November 2024}}</ref>
}}
{|style="width:100%;text-align:center;line-height:1.2em;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto" class="wikitable mw-collapsible"
|-
!Colspan=14|Climate data for Jakarta
|-
!Month
!Jan
!Feb
!Mar
!Apr
!May
!Jun
!Jul
!Aug
!Sep
!Oct
!Nov
!Dec
!style="border-left-width:medium"|Year
|-
!Average sea temperature °C (°F)
|style="background:#FF2700;color:#FFFFFF;"|28.0<br />(82.0)
|style="background:#FF2700;color:#FFFFFF;"|28.0<br />(82.0)
|style="background:#FF1300;color:#FFFFFF;"|29.0<br />(84.0)
|style="background:#FF0000;color:#FFFFFF;"|30.0<br />(86.0)
|style="background:#FF0000;color:#FFFFFF;"|30.0<br />(86.0)
|style="background:#FF1300;color:#FFFFFF;"|29.0<br />(84.0)
|style="background:#FF1300;color:#FFFFFF;"|29.0<br />(84.0)
|style="background:#FF1300;color:#FFFFFF;"|29.0<br />(84.0)
|style="background:#FF1300;color:#FFFFFF;"|29.0<br />(84.0)
|style="background:#FF1300;color:#FFFFFF;"|29.0<br />(84.0)
|style="background:#FF1300;color:#FFFFFF;"|29.0<br />(84.0)
|style="background:#FF1300;color:#FFFFFF;"|29.0<br />(84.0)
|style="background:#FF1300;color:#FFFFFF;border-left-width:medium"|29.0<br />(84.0)
|-
!Mean daily daylight hours
|style="background:#FFFF33;color:#000000;"|12.0
|style="background:#FFFF33;color:#000000;"|12.0
|style="background:#FFFF33;color:#000000;"|12.0
|style="background:#FFFF33;color:#000000;"|12.0
|style="background:#FFFF33;color:#000000;"|12.0
|style="background:#FFFF33;color:#000000;"|12.0
|style="background:#FFFF33;color:#000000;"|12.0
|style="background:#FFFF33;color:#000000;"|12.0
|style="background:#FFFF33;color:#000000;"|12.0
|style="background:#FFFF33;color:#000000;"|12.0
|style="background:#FFFF33;color:#000000;"|12.0
|style="background:#FFFF33;color:#000000;"|12.0
|style="background:#FFFF33;color:#000000;border-left-width:medium"|12.0
|-
!Average [[Ultraviolet index]]
|style="background:#6b49c8;color:#000000;"|13
|style="background:#6b49c8;color:#000000;"|13
|style="background:#6b49c8;color:#000000;"|13
|style="background:#6b49c8;color:#000000;"|13
|style="background:#6b49c8;color:#000000;"|11
|style="background:#d8001d;color:#000000;"|10
|style="background:#d8001d;color:#000000;"|10
|style="background:#6b49c8;color:#000000;"|12
|style="background:#6b49c8;color:#000000;"|13
|style="background:#6b49c8;color:#000000;"|13
|style="background:#6b49c8;color:#000000;"|13
|style="background:#6b49c8;color:#000000;"|13
|style="background:#6b49c8;color:#000000;border-left-width:medium"|12
|-
!Colspan=14 style="background:#f8f9fa;font-weight:normal;font-size:95%;"|Source: Weather Atlas<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.weather-atlas.com/en/indonesia/jakarta-climate |title=Jakarta, Indonesia – Monthly weather forecast and Climate data |publisher=Weather Atlas |access-date=8 February 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190209180027/https://www.weather-atlas.com/en/indonesia/jakarta-climate |archive-date=9 February 2019 |url-status=live}}</ref>
|}