Editing Isle of Wight (section)

===Norman Conquest to 18th century===
[[File:Carisbrooke front gate.jpg|thumb|[[Carisbrooke Castle]]]]

The Norman Conquest of 1066 created the position of [[Lord of the Isle of Wight]]; the island was given by [[William the Conqueror]] to his kinsman [[William FitzOsbern, 1st Earl of Hereford|William FitzOsbern]]. [[Carisbrooke Priory]] and the fort of [[Carisbrooke Castle]] were then founded. Allegiance was sworn to FitzOsbern rather than the king; the Lordship was subsequently granted to the [[Richard de Redvers|de Redvers]] family by Henry I after his succession in 1100.

[[File:IOW-778213 Medieval Coin, Penny of Edward I (FindID 432899).jpg|thumb|right|A silver [[penny (English coin)|penny]] of [[Edward I of England|Edward I]], minted 1300-1305, found on the island in 2011<ref>{{cite web |url= https://finds.org.uk/database/artefacts/record/id/432899 |title= Finds record for: IOW-778213 |author= Basford, F |access-date=29 August 2022 |publisher= The Portable Antiquities Scheme}}</ref>]]
For nearly 200 years the island was a semi-independent feudal fiefdom, with the de Redvers family ruling from Carisbrooke. The final private owner was the Countess [[Isabel de Forz, suo jure 8th Countess of Devon|Isabella de Fortibus]], who, on her deathbed in 1293, was persuaded to sell it to [[Edward I of England|Edward I]]. Subsequently, the island was under the control of the English Crown<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.english-heritage.org.uk/learn/story-of-england/medieval-part-1/isabella-de-fortibus|title=Isabella de Fortibus, "Queen of the Wight" |author=English Heritage|website= English Heritage Story of England |access-date=28 November 2016}}</ref> and its Lordship a royal appointment.

The island continued to be attacked from the continent: it was raided in 1374 by the fleet of [[Crown of Castile|Castile]]<ref>{{cite book|first=Cesáreo |last=Fernández Duro |title=La Marina de Castilla|location=Madrid|isbn=978-84-86228-04-0|date=1995}}</ref> and in 1377 by French raiders who burned several towns, including [[Newtown, Isle of Wight|Newtown]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.iwhistory.org.uk/newtown/   |title=Newtown|publisher=Isle of Wight History| access-date=31 January 2022}}</ref>

Under [[Henry VIII of England|Henry VIII]], who developed the [[Royal Navy]] and its [[Portsmouth]] base, the island was fortified at [[Yarmouth, Isle of Wight|Yarmouth]], Cowes, East Cowes, and [[Sandown]].

The [[French invasion of the Isle of Wight|French invasion]] on 21 July 1545 (famous for the sinking of the ''[[Mary Rose]]'' on the 19th) was repulsed by local [[militia]].<ref>{{Cite EB1911|wstitle= Wight, Isle of |volume= 28 |pages = 626&ndash;627; see page 627, "History" midway down second para|quote=A more formidable raid was attempted in 1545 when a French fleet of 150 large ships, 25 galleys, and 50 smaller vessels drew up off Brading Harbour...}}</ref>

On 1 May 1647, Swedish and English ships clashed in a [[Skirmish at the Isle of Wight|brief skirmish off the island]], ending in the Swedish fleet being able to escape.<ref>{{Cite book |last=B |first=R. |url=https://name.umdl.umich.edu/A76338.0001.001 |title=A true and full relation of the late sea fight, betwixt a squadron of ships belonging to the Parliament of England, and the Queene of Swethlands fleet |publisher=[[University of Michigan]] |year=1647 }}</ref>

During the [[English Civil War]], [[Charles I of England|King Charles I]] fled to the Isle of Wight, believing he would receive sympathy from  Governor [[Robert Hammond (English army officer)|Robert Hammond]]. Still, Hammond imprisoned the king in Carisbrooke Castle.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.english-heritage.org.uk/learn/story-of-england/stuarts/ |title=An Introduction to Stuart England (1603–1714) |access-date=20 May 2021 |website=English Heritage}}</ref>

[[File:Osborne-house1.jpg|thumb|[[Osborne House]] and its grounds are now open to the public.]]
[[File:Berthe Morisot - Eugène Manet à l'île de Wight.jpg|thumb|''[[Eugene Manet]] on the Isle of Wight'', 1875 painting by [[Berthe Morisot]]]]
During the [[Great Britain in the Seven Years' War|Seven Years' War]], the island was a staging post for British troops departing on expeditions against the French coast, such as the [[Raid on Rochefort]]. During 1759, with a [[Planned French Invasion of Britain (1759)|planned French invasion imminent]], a large force of soldiers was stationed there. The French called off their invasion following the [[Battle of Quiberon Bay]].<ref>{{cite book|last=Longmate |first=Norman |title=Island Fortress: The Defence of Great Britain, 1603–1945 |location=London |date=2001 |pages=186–188}}{{ISBN missing}}</ref>