Editing Isle of Man (section)

=== External relations and security ===
{{Main|External relations of the Isle of Man}}
In various laws of the United Kingdom, "the United Kingdom" is defined to exclude the Isle of Man. Historically, the UK has taken care of its external and defence affairs and retains paramount power to legislate for the Island. However, in 2007, the Isle of Man and the UK signed an agreement that established frameworks for the development of the international identity of the Isle of Man.<ref name="framework">{{cite web |title=Framework for developing the international identity of the Isle of Man |url=http://www.gov.im/lib/docs/cso/iominternationalidentityframework.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130420193544/http://www.gov.im/lib/docs/cso/iominternationalidentityframework.pdf |archive-date=20 April 2013 |access-date=14 November 2018 |website=gov.im |publisher=Government of the Isle of Man}}</ref> There is no separate Manx citizenship. Citizenship is covered by UK law, and Manx people are classed as British citizens. There is a long history of relations and cultural exchange between the Isle of Man and [[Ireland]]. The Isle of Man's historic [[Manx language]] and its modern revived variant are closely related to both [[Scottish Gaelic]] and the [[Irish language]] and, in 1947, [[Éamon de Valera]], the [[Taoiseach]] of Ireland, spearheaded efforts to save the dying Manx language.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.irishtimes.com/culture/one-small-step-for-man-1.99095 |title=One small step for Man |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211029012347/https://www.irishtimes.com/country-cookie/ |archive-date=29 October 2021 |work=[[Irish Times]] |date=22 August 1997}}</ref>

==== Defence ====
The Isle of Man is not part of the United Kingdom; however, the UK is responsible for its defence and external affairs.<ref>{{Cite report |title=Royal Commission on the Constitution 1969–1973, Volume I, Report (Cmnd 5460) |date=1973 |location=London}}</ref> There are no independent military forces on the Isle of Man, although [[HMS Ramsey (M110)|HMS ''Ramsey'']] was affiliated with the [[Ramsey, Isle of Man|town of the same name]].<ref>{{cite web |date=2009 |title=HMS Ramsey |url=http://www.royalnavy.mod.uk/operations-and-support/surface-fleet/mine-countermeasure/sandown-class/hms-ramsey/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100830150949/http://www.royalnavy.mod.uk/operations-and-support/surface-fleet/mine-countermeasure/sandown-class/hms-ramsey/ |archive-date=30 August 2010 |access-date=11 September 2011 |publisher=[[Royal Navy]]}}</ref> From 1938 to 1955, there existed the [[Manx Regiment]] of the British [[Territorial Army (United Kingdom)|Territorial Army]] (TA), which saw extensive action during the [[World War II|Second World War]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Regimental Museum – History |url=http://www.iomguide.com/douglas/regimental-museum.php |access-date=11 September 2011 |website=Isle of Man Guide |archive-date=3 November 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111103083203/http://www.iomguide.com/douglas/regimental-museum.php |url-status=live}}</ref> During the [[English Civil War]], [[James Stanley, 7th Earl of Derby|the 7th Earl of Derby]], who was also the Lord of Mann, conscripted 10 men from each parish (170 in total) to fight for the Royalist cause; the majority were killed at the [[Battle of Wigan Lane]] in 1651. In 1779, the [[Royal Manx Fencibles|Manx Fencible Corps]], a [[fencible]] regiment of three companies, was raised; it was disbanded in 1783 at the end of the [[American War of Independence]]. Later, the [[Royal Manx Fencibles]] was raised at the time of the [[French Revolutionary Wars]] and [[Napoleonic Wars]]. The 1st Battalion (of 3 companies) was raised in 1793. A 2nd Battalion (of 10 companies) was raised in 1795,<ref>See {{cite web |title=The Forgotten Army: Fencible Regiments of Great Britain 1793–1816 |url=http://www.napoleon-series.org/military/organization/fencibles/c_fencibles2.html |access-date=15 August 2019 |website=The Napoleon Series |archive-date=5 September 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120905025848/http://www.napoleon-series.org/military/organization/fencibles/c_fencibles2.html |url-status=live}} for more detail.</ref> and it saw action during the [[Irish Rebellion of 1798]]. The regiment was disbanded in 1802.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Scobie |first=Ian Hamilton Mackay |date=1914 |title=An Old Highland Fencible Corps: The history of the Reay Fencible Highland Regiment of Foot, or Mackay's Highlanders, 1794–1802, with an account of its services in Ireland during the rebellion of 1798 |url=https://archive.org/stream/oldhighlandfenci00scobuoft#page/415/mode/1up |location=Edinburgh |publisher=Blackwood |page=363}}</ref> A third body of Manx Fencibles was raised in 1803 to defend the island during the [[Napoleonic Wars]] and to assist the Revenue. It was disbanded in 1811.<ref>{{cite web |title=Regiments stationed on Isle of Man, 1765–1896 |url=http://www.isle-of-man.com/manxnotebook/history/military/regts.htm |access-date=28 February 2015 |website=Isle-of-man.com |archive-date=4 March 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304191403/http://www.isle-of-man.com/manxnotebook/history/military/regts.htm |url-status=live}}</ref> The [[Isle of Man Home Guard]] was raised during the [[Second World War]] for home defence.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://iomhomeguard.com/default.html |title=Isle of Man Home Guard Reenactment Society |access-date=28 January 2021 |archive-date=28 November 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201128021410/http://iomhomeguard.com/default.html |url-status=live}}</ref> In 2015 a multi-capability recruiting and training unit of the [[Army Reserve (United Kingdom)|British Army Reserve]] was established in Douglas.<ref name="Isle of Man Army Reserve">{{Cite news |date=October 2015 |title=British Army opens first reserve unit opens on Isle of Man since 1968 |work=BBC News |publisher=British Broadcasting Corporation |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-isle-of-man-34401508 |access-date=24 October 2016 |archive-date=25 October 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161025115619/http://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-isle-of-man-34401508 |url-status=live}}</ref>

====Manxman status====
{{Main|Manx passport}}
[[File:Isle of Man Passport (Blue).png|upright|thumb|right|British passport (Isle of Man)]]

There is no citizenship of the Isle of Man as such; Isle of Man residents are entitled to British citizenship and can obtain a full UK British passport or British Isle of Man passport.{{citation needed|date=October 2024}}

The Passport Office, Isle of Man, Douglas, accepts and processes applications for the [[Lieutenant Governor of the Isle of Man]], who is formally responsible for issuing Isle of Man–issued British passports, titled "''British passport – Isle of Man''{{-"}}. The powers conferred on the UK Secretary of State by the British Nationality Act 1981 extend to and are exercised in the Isle of Man by the Lieutenant Governor.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.gov.im/categories/travel-traffic-and-motoring/immigration/immigration-and-nationality-legislation |title=Isle of Man Government – Immigration and Nationality legislation |publisher=Government of the Isle of Man |website=gov.im |date= |access-date=15 March 2022 |archive-date=20 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220320002138/http://www.gov.im/categories/travel-traffic-and-motoring/immigration/immigration-and-nationality-legislation/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

Isle of Man-issued British passports can presently be issued to any British citizen resident in the Isle of Man and to British citizens who have a qualifying close personal connection to the Isle of Man but are now resident either in the UK or in either one of the two other Crown Dependencies, the [[Jersey|Bailiwick of Jersey]] or the [[Bailiwick of Guernsey]].{{citation needed|date=October 2024}}

==== European Union ====
{{update|section|Needs updating to reflect Brexit|date=January 2020}}
The Isle of Man was never part of either the [[European Economic Community|EEC]] or the [[European Union]] (EU), nor did it have a [[Special member state territories and the European Union|special status]], and thus it did not take part in the [[2016 United Kingdom European Union membership referendum|2016 (Brexit) referendum]] on the UK's [[European Union|EU]] membership.<ref>{{Cite news |date=24 June 2016 |title=EU referendum: Brexit sends IoM on 'unknown journey' |work=[[BBC News]] |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-politics-eu-referendum-36618855 |url-status=live |access-date=17 May 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160627063954/http://www.bbc.com/news/uk-politics-eu-referendum-36618855 |archive-date=27 June 2016}}</ref> However, it was included within the [[EU's customs area]], as part of Protocol 3 of the UK's Act of Accession to the [[Treaty of Rome]], allowing Manx goods to be traded throughout the EU without tariffs.<ref>{{cite web |title=Manx government explanation of Protocol 3 |url=http://www.gov.im/lib/docs/ebusiness/advantages/protocol3.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080910004526/http://www.gov.im/lib/docs/ebusiness/advantages/protocol3.pdf |archive-date=10 September 2008 |access-date=10 November 2017 |website=gov.im |publisher=Government of the Isle of Man}}</ref>

It was not part of the [[EU's internal market]] and there were still limitations on the movement of capital, services and labour.{{citation needed|date=October 2024}}

EU citizens were entitled to travel and reside, but not work, in the island without restriction.<ref>{{cite web |title=Isle of Man Facts & Economic Data |url=http://www.gov.im/categories/business-and-industries/iom-key-facts-guide/island-facts/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304050532/https://www.gov.im/categories/business-and-industries/iom-key-facts-guide/island-facts/ |archive-date=4 March 2016 |access-date=12 September 2010 |website=Isle of Man Finance |publisher=Isle of Man Government}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |date=October 2006 |title=Immigration in the Isle of Man |url=http://www.gov.im/lib/docs/cso/immigrationintheisleofmanpub.pdf |access-date=12 September 2010 |website=gov.im |publisher=Isle of Man Government |page=12 |archive-date=11 May 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110511200914/http://www.gov.im/lib/docs/cso/immigrationintheisleofmanpub.pdf |url-status=live}}</ref>

In 2017, the UK confirmed that the Crown Dependencies' positions were included in the [[Brexit negotiations]].<ref name="GRBWP">{{cite web |date=30 March 2017 |title=Legislating for the United Kingdom's withdrawal from the European Union |url=https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/604514/Great_repeal_bill_white_paper_print.pdf |publisher=Department for Exiting the European Union |access-date=16 May 2017 |archive-date=25 April 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170425050851/https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/604514/Great_repeal_bill_white_paper_print.pdf |url-status=live}}</ref> The [[Brexit withdrawal agreement]] explicitly included the Isle of Man in its territorial scope, but makes no other mention of it.<ref>{{cite web |date=14 November 2018 |title=Draft Agreement on the withdrawal of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland from the European Union |url=https://ec.europa.eu/commission/sites/beta-political/files/draft_withdrawal_agreement_0.pdf |publisher=European Commission |access-date=19 July 2019 |archive-date=1 December 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201201222743/https://ec.europa.eu/commission/sites/beta-political/files/draft_withdrawal_agreement_0.pdf |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Isle of Man Government – EU Exit and the Transition Period |url=https://www.gov.im/about-the-government/departments/cabinet-office/eu-exit-and-the-transition-period/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200620122427/https://www.gov.im/about-the-government/departments/cabinet-office/eu-exit-and-the-transition-period/ |archive-date=20 June 2020 |access-date=30 April 2020 |website=gov.im |publisher=Isle of Man Government}}</ref>

==== Commonwealth of Nations ====
The Isle of Man is not a member of the [[Commonwealth of Nations]]. By virtue of its relationship with the United Kingdom, it takes part in several Commonwealth institutions, including the [[Commonwealth Parliamentary Association]] and the [[Commonwealth Games]]. The [[Government of the Isle of Man]] has made calls for a more integrated relationship with the Commonwealth,<ref>{{cite web |title=The role and future of the Commonwealth |url=https://publications.parliament.uk/pa/cm201213/cmselect/cmfaff/114/11410.htm |access-date=18 March 2013 |publisher=House of Commons |archive-date=6 February 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130206123019/http://www.publications.parliament.uk/pa/cm201213/cmselect/cmfaff/114/11410.htm |url-status=live}}</ref> including more direct representation and enhanced participation in Commonwealth organisations and meetings, including Commonwealth Heads of Government Meetings.<ref>{{cite web |title=Written evidence from the States of Guernsey |url=https://publications.parliament.uk/pa/cm201213/cmselect/cmfaff/114/114we18.htm |access-date=18 March 2013 |publisher=Policy Council of Guernsey |archive-date=9 February 2013 |website=parliament.uk |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130209074131/http://www.publications.parliament.uk/pa/cm201213/cmselect/cmfaff/114/114we18.htm |url-status=live}}</ref> The [[Chief Minister of the Isle of Man]] has said: "A closer connection with the Commonwealth itself would be a welcome further development of the island's international relationships."<ref>{{Cite news |date=23 November 2012 |title=Isle of Man welcomes report on Commonwealth future |url=http://www.gov.im/lib/news/cso/isleofmanwelcome5.xml |website=gov.im |publisher=Isle of Man Government |url-status=dead |access-date=19 March 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130302143313/http://www.gov.im/lib/news/cso/isleofmanwelcome5.xml |archive-date=2 March 2013}}</ref>