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====Defense==== In contrast, American author Anthony J. Dennis accepts the widespread usage and relevance of the term and calls Islamic fundamentalism "more than a religion today, it is a worldwide movement." He notes the intertwining of social, religious and political goals found within the movement and states that Islamic fundamentalism "deserves to be seriously studied and debated from a secular perspective as a revolutionary ideology."<ref>Dennis, Anthony J. ''The Rise of the Islamic Empire and the Threat to the West'' (Ohio: Wyndham Hall Press, 1996), p. i.</ref> At least two Muslim academics, Syrian philosopher [[Sadiq Jalal al-Azm]] and Egyptian philosopher [[Hassan Hanafi]], have defended the use of the phrase. Surveying the doctrines of the new Islamic movements, Al-Azm found them to consist of "an immediate return to Islamic 'basics' and 'fundamentals'. ... It seems to me quite reasonable that calling these Islamic movements 'Fundamentalist' (and in the strong sense of the term) is adequate, accurate, and correct."<ref>Sadik J. al-Azm, "Islamic Fundamentalism Reconsidered: A Critical Outline of Problems, Ideas and Approaches", ''South Asia Bulletin, [[Comparative Studies of South Asia, Africa and the Middle East]]'', 1 and 2 (1993), pp. 95β7.</ref> Hassan Hanafi reached the same conclusion: "It is difficult to find a more appropriate term than the one recently used in the West, 'fundamentalism,' to cover the meaning of what we name Islamic awakening or revival."<ref>Quoted by Bassam Tibi, "The Worldview of Sunni Arab Fundamentalists: Attitudes toward Modern Science and Technology," in Martin E. Marty and R. Scott Appleby, eds., ''Fundamentalisms and Society'' (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1993), p. 85.</ref>
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