Editing International broadcasting (section)

== Reasons for international broadcasting ==
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Broadcasters in one country have several reasons to reach out to an audience in other countries. Commercial broadcasters may simply see a business opportunity to sell advertising or subscriptions to a broader audience. This is more efficient than broadcasting to a single country, because domestic entertainment programs and information gathered by domestic news staff can be cheaply repackaged for non-domestic audiences.

Governments typically have different motivations for funding international broadcasting. One clear reason is for ideological, or [[propaganda]] reasons. Many government-owned stations portray their nation in a positive, non-threatening way. This could be to encourage business investment in or tourism to the nation. Another reason is to combat a negative image produced by other nations or internal dissidents, or insurgents. [[Radio RSA]], the broadcasting arm of the apartheid South African government, is an example of this. A third reason is to promote the ideology of the broadcaster. For example, a program on [[Voice of Russia|Radio Moscow]] from the 1960s to the 1980s was ''What is Communism?''

A second reason is to advance a nation's foreign policy interests and agenda by disseminating its views on international affairs or on the events in particular parts of the world. During the [[Cold War]] the American [[Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty|Radio Free Europe]] and [[Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty|Radio Liberty]] and Indian Radio [[All India Radio|AIR]] were founded to broadcast news from "behind the [[Iron Curtain]]" that was otherwise being censored and promote dissent and occasionally, to disseminate [[disinformation]]. Currently, the US operates similar services aimed at [[Cuba]] ([[Radio y Televisión Martí]]) and the [[People's Republic of China]], [[Vietnam]], [[Laos]] and [[North Korea]] ([[Radio Free Asia]]).

The [[BBC World Service]], the [[Voice of America]], [[All India Radio]] and other western broadcasters have emphasized news broadcasts, particularly to countries that are experiencing repression or civil unrest and whose populations are unable to obtain news from non-government sources. In the case of emergencies, a nation may broadcast special programs overseas to inform listeners what is occurring. During Iraqi missile strikes on Israel during the 1991 Gulf War, [[Kol Israel]] relayed its domestic service on its shortwave service.

Besides ideological reasons, many stations are run by religious broadcasters and are used to provide religious education, religious music, or worship service programs. For example, [[Vatican Radio]], established in 1931, broadcasts such programs. Another station, such as [[HCJB]] or [[Trans World Radio]] will carry brokered programming from evangelists. In the case of the [[Broadcasting Services of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia]], both governmental and religious programming is provided.

Stations also broadcast to international audiences for cultural reasons. Often a station has an official mandate to keep expatriates in touch with their home country. Many broadcasters often relay their national domestic service on shortwave for that reason. Other reasons include teaching a foreign language, such as [[Radio Exterior de España]]'s Spanish class, ''Un idioma sin fronteras'', or the Voice of America's broadcasts in [[Special English]]. In the case of major broadcasters such as the [[BBC World Service]] or [[Radio Australia]], there is also an educational outreach.

An additional reason for international broadcasting is to maintain contact with a country's citizens travelling abroad or expatriates who have emigrated and share news from home as well as cultural programming. This role of external shortwave broadcasting has declined as advances in communications have allowed expatriates to read news from home and listen and watch to domestic broadcasts in their own language via the internet and satellite. A number of international services such as the original [[BBC Empire Service]], [[Radio Netherlands]], France's Poste Colonial (now [[Radio France International]]) and others were founded in part with the goal of helping draw overseas empires closer to the [[mother country]] and provide closer cultural and communication connections between the home country and its colonies, a role that became largely obsolete due to [[decolonization]].

=== Notable networks ===
{{main|List of world news channels}}
* [[CNN International]] (English)
* [[BBC News (British TV channel)|BBC News]] ([[BBC Arabic Television|Arabic]], English, [[BBC Persian Television|Persian]])
* [[BBC World Service]] (Arabic, Azeri, Bengali, Burmese, Cantonese, English, French for Africa, Hausa, Hindi, Indonesian, Kinyarwanda, Kirundi, Kyrgyz, Nepali, Pashto, Persian, Portuguese for Brazil, Russian, Sinhala, Somali, Spanish for Latin America, Swahili, Tamil, Turkish, Ukrainian, Urdu, Uzbek, Vietnamese)
* [[DD News]] (Hindi, English, Sanskrit, Punjabi, Tamil, Telugu, Kannada, Malawi, Urdu, Bangla, Marathi, Malayalam, Thai, Baloch, Arabic, Fiji Hindi, Bhojpuri, Assami, Nagapure)
* [[Asian News International]] (Hindi, English, Tamil, Telugu, Bangla)
* [[Sky News]] (English, [[Sky News Arabia|Arabic]])
* [[France 24]] (French, English, Arabic, Spanish)
* [[Al Jazeera Arabic|Al Jazeera]] ([[Al Jazeera English|English]], Arabic)
* [[Telesur]] (Spanish, English)
* [[Deutsche Welle]] (German, English, Spanish, Hindi, Tamil, Russian, Arabic, Persian, Dari, Pashto, Urdu, Albanian, Amharic, Bengali, Bosnian, Bulgarian, Mandarin Chinese, French, Greek, Hausa, Indonesian, Kiswahili, Turkish, Macedonian, Portuguese, Romanian, Serbian, Ukrainian)
* [[Brazil Communication Company|EBC]] (Portuguese, English, Spanish)
* [[TRT World]] (English, [[TRT Arabi|Arabic]], [[TRT Türk|Turkish]])
* [[Voice of Turkey]] (English, Arabic, Armenian, Azerbaijani, Bulgarian, Chinese, Dari, French, Georgian, German, Hausa, Italian, Japanese, Kazakh, Malay, Pashto, Kurdish, Russian, Spanish, Swahili, Turkmen, Turkish, Urdu, Uyghur, Uzbek)
* [[Press Trust of India]] (Hindi and 98 other languages)
* [[Press TV]] (English, French)
* [[TV5Monde]] (French)
* [[CNA (TV network)|CNA]] (English)
* [[Zee News]] (Hindi)
* [[RT (TV network)|RT]] (Russian, English, French, German, Arabic, Spanish)
* [[Zee Entertainment Enterprises|Zee Entertainment]] (Hindi, Thai, English, Tamil, Telghu, and 126 other local languages)
* [[Voice of Indonesia]] (English, French, Spanish, German, Indonesian, Japanese, Arabic, Chinese, Dutch)
* [[ABC Australia (Asia-Pacific Television)|ABC Australia]] (English)
* [[RNZ International]] (English, French, Samoan, Tongan, Niuean, Cook Islands Maori, Solomon Islands Pidgin<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.rnz.co.nz/international/programmes/pacificlangaugesnews|title=News in Pacific Languages|access-date=2021-04-17|publisher=[[RNZ]] }}</ref>)
* [[i24NEWS]] (English, French, Spanish, Arabic)
* [[Sun TV (India)|Sun TV]] (Tamil)
* [[NHK World-Japan]] (English, Japanese)
* [[China Global Television Network|CGTN]] ([[CGTN (TV channel)|English]], [[CGTN French|French]], [[CGTN Spanish|Spanish]], [[CGTN Russian|Russian]], [[CGTN Arabic|Arabic]])
* [[China Radio International]] (Albanian, Arabic, Armenian, Belarusian, Bengali, Bulgarian, Burmese, Croatian, Cambodian, Czech, Dutch, English, Esperanto, Estonian, Filipino, French, German, Greek, Hausa, Hebrew, Hindi, Hungarian, Indonesian, Italian, Japanese, Laotian, Malaysian, Nepali, Persian, Polish, Portuguese, Pashto, Romanian, Russian, Serbian, Sinhala, Spanish, Swahili, Swedish, Tamil, Turkish, Ukrainian, Urdu, Vietnamese, Hakka, Cantonese, Hokkien, Teochew, Hakka, Wenzhouese, Uyghur, Kazakh, Mongolian, Korean)
* [[Arirang TV|Arirang]] (English, Korean, Chinese, Spanish, Arabic, Russian, Vietnamese, Indonesian)
* [[WION (TV channel)|WION]] (English)
* [[The Filipino Channel]] (English, Filipino)
* [[GMA Pinoy TV]] (English, Filipino)
* [[Kapatid Channel]] (English, Filipino)
* [[Radiodifusión Argentina al Exterior|RAE]] (Spanish, German, French, English, Italian, Portuguese, Chinese, Japanese)
* [[SVT1]] (Swedish)
* [[SVT2]] (Swedish)