Editing Intermodal container (section)

===Impact of industry changes on workers===
Longshoremen and related unions around the world struggled with this revolution in shipping goods.<ref name=NLRB-1980-AMLG>{{cite web|title=''NLRB v. Longshoremen'', 447 U.S. 490|url=http://www.admiraltylawguide.com/supct/NLRB1980.htm|via= Admiralty and Maritime Law Guide}}</ref><ref name=NLRB-1980-Justia>{{cite web|title=''NLRB v. Longshoremen'', 447 U.S. 490|url=https://supreme.justia.com/cases/federal/us/447/490/|via=Justia: U.S. Supreme Court}}</ref> For example, by 1971 a clause in the [[International Longshoremen's Association]] (ILA) contract stipulated that the work of "stuffing" (filling) or "stripping" (emptying) a container within {{convert|50|mi}} of a port must be done by ILA workers, or if not done by ILA, that the shipper needed to pay royalties and penalties to the ILA. Unions for truckers and consolidators argued that the ILA rules were not valid work preservation clauses, because the work of stuffing and stripping containers away from the pier had not traditionally been done by ILA members.<ref name=NLRB-1980-AMLG/><ref name=NLRB-1980-Justia/> In 1980 the [[Supreme Court of the United States]] heard this case and ruled against the ILA.<ref name=NLRB-1980-AMLG/><ref name=NLRB-1980-Justia/>