Editing Incapacitating agent (section)

===Moscow theatre siege===
There is one documented case of incapacitating agents being used in recent years. In 2002, Chechen terrorists took a large number of hostages in the [[Moscow theatre siege]], and threatened to blow up the entire theatre if any attempt was made to break the siege. An incapacitating agent was used to disable the terrorists whilst the theatre was stormed by special forces. However, [[Moscow hostage crisis chemical agent|the incapacitating agent]], unknown at that time, caused many of the hostages to die. The terrorists were rendered unconscious, but roughly 15% of the 800 people exposed were killed by the gas.<ref name="CNN report siege gas">{{cite news|url=http://archives.cnn.com/2002/WORLD/europe/10/30/moscow.gas/index.html|title=Russia names Moscow siege gas|work=CNN|date=2002-10-30|access-date=2012-12-11|archive-date=2009-06-07|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090607031200/http://archives.cnn.com/2002/WORLD/europe/10/30/moscow.gas/index.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> The situation was not helped by the fact that the authorities kept the nature of the incapacitating agent secret from doctors trying to treat its victims. At the time, the gas was reported to be an unknown incapacitating agent called "[[Kolokol-1]]". The Russian Health Minister Yuri Shevchenko later stated that the incapacitating agent used was a [[fentanyl]] derivative.

Scientists at Britain's chemical and biological defense labs at [[Porton Down]] analyzed residue from the clothing of three hostages and the urine of one hostage rescued during the [[Moscow theater hostage crisis]] and found two chemical derivatives of fentanyl, [[remifentanil]] and [[carfentanil]].<ref name="PortonDownCarfentanil">{{Cite journal |last1=Timperley |first1=Christopher |last2=Riches |first2=James  |last3=Read |first3=Robert |last4=Black |first4=Robin |last5=Cooper |first5=Nicholas |year=2012 |title=Analysis of Clothing and Urine from Moscow Theatre Siege Casualties Reveals Carfentanil and Remifentanil Use |journal=Journal of Analytical Toxicology |publication-date=20 September 2012 |volume=36 |issue=9 |pages=647–656 |doi=10.1093/jat/bks078|pmid=23002178 |url=https://zenodo.org/record/1038609 |doi-access=free }}Analysis of Clothing and Urine from Moscow Theatre Siege Casualties Reveals Carfentanil and Remifentanil Use</ref>