Editing Imperial units (section)

====British apothecaries' volume measures====
These measurements were in use from 1826, when the new imperial gallon was defined. For pharmaceutical purposes, they were replaced by the metric system in the United Kingdom on 1 January 1971.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/1970/1897/introduction/made|title=The Weights and Measures (Equivalents for dealings with drugs) Regulations 1970|access-date=7 July 2012|archive-date=20 June 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130620141325/http://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/1970/1897/introduction/made|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.rpharms.com/Portals/0/MuseumLearningResources/11%20Balances%20Weights%20and%20Measures.pdf |title=Information Sheet: 11: Balances, Weights and Measures |website=Royal Pharmaceutical Society |access-date=11 December 2020 |archive-date=20 May 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220520094140/https://www.rpharms.com/Portals/0/MuseumLearningResources/11%20Balances%20Weights%20and%20Measures.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref> In the US, though no longer recommended, the [[apothecaries' system]] is still used occasionally in medicine, especially in [[Medical prescription|prescriptions]] for older medications.<ref name="Zentz2010">{{cite book |last=Zentz |first=Lorraine C. |title=Math for Pharmacy Technicians |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PvriGp6ZEhMC |year=2010 |publisher=[[Jones & Bartlett Learning]] |location=Sudbury, MA |isbn=978-0-7637-5961-2 |oclc=421360709 |pages=7–8 |chapter=Chapter 1: Fundamentals of Math – Apothecary System |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PvriGp6ZEhMC&pg=PA7 |access-date=1 July 2015 |archive-date=14 January 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230114131618/https://books.google.com/books?id=PvriGp6ZEhMC |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="Boyer2009">{{cite book |last=Boyer |first=Mary Jo |title=Math for Nurses: A Pocket Guide to Dosage Calculation and Drug Preparation |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FCfCGwqNt4QC |edition=7th |year=2009 |publisher=[[Wolters Kluwer Health]] {{pipe}} [[Lippincott Williams & Wilkins]] |location=Philadelphia, PA |isbn=978-0-7817-6335-6 |oclc=181600928 |pages=108–9 |chapter=UNIT 2 Measurement Systems: The Apothecary System |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FCfCGwqNt4QC&pg=PA108 |access-date=1 July 2015 |archive-date=14 January 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230114131618/https://books.google.com/books?id=FCfCGwqNt4QC |url-status=live }}</ref>
{| class="wikitable" style="margin-right:0"
|+ Table of British apothecaries' volume units{{refn|group=nb|References for the [[#British apothecaries' volume measures|Table of British apothecaries' volume units]]: ''Unit'' column;<ref name="RoyalCollege1850">{{cite book |author=Royal College of Physicians of Dublin |author-link=Royal College of Physicians of Ireland |title=The Pharmacopœia of the King and Queen's College of Physicians in Ireland |year=1850 |publisher=Hodges and Smith |location=Dublin |oclc=599509441 |page=xlvi |chapter=Weights and Measures |hdl=2027/mdp.39015069402942 }}</ref><ref name="NIST">National Institute of Standards and Technology (October 2011). Butcher, Tina; Cook, Steve; Crown, Linda et al. eds. [https://www.nist.gov/pml/wmd/pubs/upload/AppC-12-hb44-final.pdf "Appendix C – General Tables of Units of Measurement"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160617040949/http://www.nist.gov/pml/wmd/pubs/upload/AppC-12-hb44-final.pdf |date=17 June 2016 }} (PDF). [http://physics.nist.gov/cuu/pdf/sp811.pdf ''Specifications, Tolerances, and Other Technical Requirements for Weighing and Measuring Devices''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160603203340/http://physics.nist.gov/cuu/pdf/sp811.pdf |date=3 June 2016 }}. NIST Handbook. '''44''' (2012 ed.). Washington, D.C.: US Department of Commerce, Technology Administration, National Institute of Standards and Technology. [[International Standard Serial Number|ISSN]] [http://www.worldcat.org/issn/0271-4027 0271-4027] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221225104227/https://www.worldcat.org/search?q=n2:0271-4027 |date=25 December 2022 }}. [[Online Computer Library Center|OCLC]] {{OCLC|58927093}}. Retrieved 6 July 2012.</ref>{{rp|C-7}}<ref name="Rowlett2001">{{cite web |url=http://www.unc.edu/~rowlett/units/dictF.html |title=F |first=Russ |last=Rowlett |date=13 September 2001 |work=How Many? A Dictionary of Units of Measurement |publisher=[[University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill]] |location=Chapel Hill, NC |at=fluid dram or fluidram (fl dr) |access-date=6 July 2012 |archive-date=9 July 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180709210128/http://www.unc.edu/~rowlett/units/dictF.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> ''Symbols &amp; abbreviations'' column;<ref name="Zentz2010" /><ref name="Boyer2009" /><ref name="RoyalCollege1850" /><ref name="NIST" />{{rp|C-5, C-17–C-18}}<ref name="Rowlett2001" /><ref name="Buchholz2009">{{cite book |last1=Buchholz |first1=Susan |last2=Henke |first2=Grace |title=Henke's Med-Math: Dosage Calculation, Preparation and Administration |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZlKqGHGNrtIC |edition=6th |year=2009 |publisher=[[Wolters Kluwer Health]] {{pipe}} [[Lippincott Williams & Wilkins]] |location=Philadelphia, PA |isbn=978-0-7817-7628-8 |oclc=181600929 |page=55 |chapter=Chapter 3: Metric, Apothecary, and Household Systems of Measurement – Table 3-1: Apothecary Abbreviations |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZlKqGHGNrtIC&pg=PA55 |access-date=1 July 2015 |archive-date=14 January 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230114131618/https://books.google.com/books?id=ZlKqGHGNrtIC |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="PickarEtAl2012">{{cite book |last1=Pickar |first1=Gloria D. |last2=Swart |first2=Beth |last3=Graham |first3=Hope |last4=Swedish |first4=Margaret |title=Dosage Calculations |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wFEsup6KhuQC |edition=2nd Canadian |year=2012 |publisher=Nelson Education |location=Toronto |isbn=978-0-17-650259-1 |oclc=693657704 |page=528 |chapter=Appendix B: Apothecary System of Measurement – Apothecary Units of Measurement and Equivalents |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wFEsup6KhuQC&pg=PA528 |access-date=1 July 2015 |archive-date=14 January 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230114131618/https://books.google.com/books?id=wFEsup6KhuQC |url-status=live }}</ref> ''Relative to previous'' column;<ref name="RoyalCollege1850" /><ref name="NIST" />{{rp|C-7}} ''Exact metric value'' column – fluid ounce, pint and gallon,<ref name="UnitsOfMeasurementRegulations1995">{{cite book |author1=United Kingdom |author-link1=United Kingdom |author2=Department of Trade and Industry |author-link2=Department of Trade and Industry (United Kingdom) |title=The Units of Measurement Regulations 1995 |url=http://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/1995/1804/made |access-date=1 July 2012 |year=1995 |publisher=[[HMSO]] |location=London |isbn=978-0-11-053334-6 |oclc=33237616 |at=Schedule: Relevant Imperial Units, Corresponding Metric Units and Metric Equivalents |archive-date=19 December 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211219163507/https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/1995/1804/made |url-status=live }}</ref> all other values calculated using value for fluid ounce and the ''Relative to previous'' column's values.}}

! Unit
! Symbols and<br />abbreviations
! Relative to<br />previous
! Exact<br />metric value<ref group="note">The [[Vinculum (symbol)|vinculum]] over numbers (e.g. {{overline|3}}) represents a [[repeating decimal]].</ref>
|-
|align=center| [[Minim (unit)|minim]]
|align=center| ♏︎, [[File:Mx, a symbol for minim in the apothecaries' system.svg|13px]], m, m., min
|align=right| &nbsp; ({{frac|9600}} pint)
|align=right| {{gaps|59.193|880|208{{overline|3}}|u=[[microlitre|μL]]}}
|-
|align=center| [[fluid scruple]]
|align=center| fl ℈, fl s
|align=right| 20 minims ({{frac|480}} pint)
|align=right| {{gaps|1.183|877|604|1{{overline|6}}|u=mL}}
|-
|align=center| [[Dram (unit)|fluid drachm]]<br />(fluid dram, fluidram)
|align=center| ʒ, fl ʒ, fʒ, ƒ 3, fl dr
|align=right| 3 fluid scruples ({{frac|160}} pint)
|align=right| {{val|3.5516328125|u=mL}}
|-
|align=center| [[fluid ounce]]
|align=center| ℥, fl ℥, f℥, ƒ ℥, fl oz
|align=right| 8 fluid drachms
|align=right| {{val|28.4130625|u=mL}}
|-
|align=center| [[pint]]
|align=center| O, pt
|align=right| 20 fluid ounces
|align=right| {{val|568.26125|u=mL}}
|-
|align=center| [[gallon]]
|align=center| C, gal
|align=right| 8 pints
|align=right| {{gaps|4.54609|u=L}}
|-
|colspan=4|'''Note:''' {{Reflist|group=note}}
|}