Editing Il Canto degli Italiani (section)

===From provisional to official anthem===
[[File:Cipriano Facchinetti.jpg|thumb|Cipriano Facchinetti]]

In 1945, at the end of the war, [[Arturo Toscanini]] directed a performance of [[Giuseppe Verdi]]'s 1862 ''[[Inno delle nazioni]]'' in London, including "Il Canto degli Italiani".<ref name=quirinale/>{{sfn|Bassi|2011|p=146}} However, even after the [[1946 Italian institutional referendum|birth of the Italian Republic]], "[[La Leggenda del Piave]]" remained the temporary national anthem.{{sfn|Calabrese|2011|p=112}}

For the new anthem, a debate arose. Possible options included "[[Va, pensiero]]" from Verdi's ''[[Nabucco]]''; a completely new piece; "Il Canto degli Italiani"; the "Inno di Garibaldi"; and confirmation of "La Leggenda del Piave".{{sfn|Calabrese|2011|p=112}}{{sfn|Maiorino|2002|p=72}} The government then approved [[Italian Republican Party|Republican]] War Minister [[Cipriano Facchinetti]]'s proposal to adopt "Il Canto degli Italiani" as provisional anthem.{{sfn|Maiorino|2002|p=72}}

"La Leggenda del Piave" thus served as national anthem until the [[Council of Ministers (Italy)|Council of Ministers]] meeting on 12 October 1946, when Facchinetti officially announced the provisional anthem for the 4 November [[National Unity and Armed Forces Day]] celebrations.{{sfn|Bassi|2011|p=47}}{{sfn|Calabrese|2011|p=110}} The press release stated:<ref name="governo">{{cite web|url=https://presidenza.governo.it/ufficio_cerimoniale/cerimoniale/inno.html|title=Ufficio del Cerimoniale di Stato|access-date=13 January 2024|language=it}}</ref>

{{blockquote|... On the proposal of the Minister of War it was established that the oath of the Armed Forces to the Republic and to its Chief would be carried out on November 4th p.v. and that, temporarily, the anthem of Mameli is adopted as the national anthem ...|author=Cipriano Facchinetti}}

Facchinetti also declared that a draft decree would be proposed to confirm "Il Canto degli Italiani" as the provisional national anthem of the newly formed Republic, but did not follow up on this promise.{{sfn|Calabrese|2011|p=110}}<ref name="marconi">{{cite web |year=2012 |title=L'inno di Mameli: Un po' di storia |trans-title=Mameli's Hymn: A little history |url=http://www.radiomarconi.com/Marconi/mameli.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190404142539/http://www.radiomarconi.com/marconi/mameli.html |archive-date=4 April 2019 |access-date=9 November 2014 |website=Radio Marconi |url-status=usurped |language=it}}</ref> Instead, he proposed to formalize "Il Canto degli Italiani" in the [[Constitution of Italy]], then being drafted.{{sfn|Maiorino|2002|p=72}}

The Constitution, finished in 1948, determined the [[flag of Italy|national flag]] <!-- article 12 -->, but did not establish a national anthem or emblem; [[National symbols of Italy|the latter]] was adopted by legislative decree on 5 May.<ref name="emblema">{{cite web |title=I simboli della Repubblica – L'emblema |trans-title=The symbols of the republic: the emblem |url=http://www.quirinale.it/qrnw/statico/simboli/emblema/emblema.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160504050926/https://www.quirinale.it/qrnw/statico/simboli/emblema/emblema.htm |archive-date=4 May 2016 |access-date=2 December 2014 |website=Presidenza della Repubblica |publisher=Government of Italy |language=it}}</ref> A draft constitutional law prepared immediately afterwards sought to insert, after discussion of the national flag, the sentence "The Anthem of the Republic is the 'Il Canto degli Italiani'". This law, too, stalled.{{sfn|Ridolfi|2002|p=34}}

"Il Canto degli Italiani" nonetheless had great success among [[Italian diaspora|Italian emigrants]]:{{sfn|Maiorino|2002|p=125}} "Fratelli d'Italia" [[Sheet music|scores]] are sold in [[Little Italy|Little Italies]] across the [[Anglosphere]], and "Il Canto degli Italiani" is often played on more or less official occasions in [[North America|North]] and South America.{{sfn|Maiorino|2002|p=125}} In particular, it was the "soundtrack" of post-WWII fundraisers in the Americas for the Italian population left devastated by the conflict.{{sfn|Maiorino|2002|p=126}}

President of the Republic [[Carlo Azeglio Ciampi]], began, from 1999 to 2006, to revive "Il Canto degli Italiani" as a [[National symbols of Italy|national symbol of Italy]].{{sfn|Ridolfi|2002|p=153}}{{sfn|Maiorino|2002|p=12}} Ciampi declared that:{{sfn|Maiorino|2002|p=12}}  {{blockquote|... It is a hymn that, when you listen to it, makes you vibrate inside; it is a song of freedom of a people that, united, rises again after centuries of divisions, of humiliations ...|author=Carlo Azeglio Ciampi}}

In August 2016, a bill was submitted to the Constitutional Affairs Committee of the [[Chamber of Deputies (Italy)|Chamber of Deputies]] to make "Il Canto degli Italiani" Italy's national anthem,<ref>{{Cite news |last=<!--No byline--> |date=3 August 2016 |title=L'Inno di Mameli è ancora provvisorio. Proposta di legge per renderlo ufficiale |language=it |trans-title=Mameli's anthem is provisional still. A bill proposed to render it official |work=RAI |department=Politica |location=Rome |url=https://www.rainews.it/archivio-rainews/articoli/Inno-di-Mameli-ancora-provvisorio-Proposta-di-legge-per-renderlo-ufficiale-eebb0911-6737-49dc-a97f-fbc8ae39e825.html?refresh_ce |access-date=10 December 2023}}</ref> and passed out of committee in July 2017.<ref>{{Cite news |last=<!--Staff byline--> |date=24 July 2017 |title=Saranno ufficiali tutte e sei le strofe dell'Inno di Mameli e non solo le prime due |language=it |trans-title=All six strophes of Mameli's hymn will be official and not just the first two |work=Cronaca |publisher=ANSA.it |url=http://www.ansa.it/sito/notizie/cronaca/2017/07/23/mameliprimo-si-a-inno-ufficiale-no-dal-cattolico-gigli-_5fb1cde0-f628-4c27-8474-93c651e1c5c2.html |access-date=10 December 2023}}</ref> On 15 December 2017, on ''[[Gazzetta Ufficiale]]'' law nº 181 of 4 December 2017, was published after passing both houses of Parliament, and the law came into force on 30 December 2017.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.gazzettaufficiale.it/atto/serie_generale/caricaDettaglioAtto/originario?atto.dataPubblicazioneGazzetta=2017-12-15&atto.codiceRedazionale=17G00195&elenco30giorni=false|title=LEGGE 4 dicembre 2017, n. 181 – ''Gazzetta Ufficiale''|date=15 December 2017|language=it}}</ref>