Editing Iceland (section)

====1814–1918: independence movement====
{{see also|Icelandic independence movement|Fjölnir (journal)}}
In 1814, following the [[Napoleonic Wars]], Denmark-Norway was broken up into two separate kingdoms via the [[Treaty of Kiel]], but Iceland remained a Danish dependency. Throughout the 19th century, the country's climate continued to grow colder, resulting in mass emigration to the [[New World]], particularly to the region of [[Gimli, Manitoba|Gimli]], [[Manitoba]] in Canada, which was sometimes referred to as [[New Iceland]]. About 15,000 people emigrated, out of a total population of 70,000.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.iht.com/articles/2008/12/05/business/iceland.php |title=For Iceland, an exodus of workers |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=5 December 2008 |access-date=10 February 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081211074725/http://www.iht.com/articles/2008/12/05/business/iceland.php |archive-date=11 December 2008}}</ref>

A national consciousness arose in the first half of the 19th century, inspired by [[Romanticism|romantic]] and [[Nationalism|nationalist]] ideas from mainland Europe. An Icelandic independence movement took shape in the 1850s under the leadership of [[Jón Sigurðsson]], based on the burgeoning Icelandic nationalism inspired by the ''[[Fjölnismenn]]'' and other Danish-educated Icelandic intellectuals. In 1874, Denmark granted Iceland a constitution and limited home rule. This was expanded in 1904, and [[Hannes Hafstein]] served as the first [[Minister for Iceland]] in the Danish cabinet.