Editing Hydrostatic shock (section)

== Remote cerebral effects of ballistic pressure waves ==

Göransson et al. were the first contemporary researchers to present compelling evidence for remote cerebral effects of extremity bullet impact.<ref name="fn_(131)">{{cite journal|last1= Göransson |first1= Ann-Marie |author-link1=Ann-Marie Göransson |last2= Ingvar |first2= DH |last3= Kutyna |first3= F |title= Remote Cerebral Effects on EEG in High-Energy Missile Trauma |journal= The Journal of Trauma |volume=28 |issue=1 |pages=S204–S205 |date= January 1988|doi= 10.1097/00005373-198801001-00042 |pmid= 3339687 }}</ref> They observed changes in EEG readings from pigs shot in the thigh. A follow-up experiment by Suneson et al. implanted high-speed pressure transducers into the brain of pigs and demonstrated that a significant pressure wave reaches the brain of pigs shot in the thigh.<ref name="fn_(19)"/><ref name="fn_(20)">{{cite journal | last1 = Suneson | first1 = A | last2 = Hansson | first2 = HA | last3 = Seeman | first3 = T | year = 1990 | title = Pressure Wave Injuries to the Nervous System Caused by High Energy Missile extremity Impact: Part II. Distant Effects on the Central Nervous System. A Light and Electron Microscopic Study on Pigs | journal = The Journal of Trauma | volume = 30 | issue = 3| pages = 295–306 | doi=10.1097/00005373-199003000-00007| pmid = 2313748 }}</ref> These scientists observed apnea, depressed [[EEG]] readings, and neural damage in the brain caused by the distant effects of the ballistic pressure wave originating in the thigh.

The results of Suneson et al. were confirmed and expanded upon by a later experiment in dogs<ref name="fn_(21)"/>
which "confirmed that distant effect exists in the central nervous system after a high-energy missile impact to an extremity. A high-frequency oscillating pressure wave with large amplitude and short duration was found in the brain after the extremity impact of a high-energy missile..." Wang et al. observed significant damage in both the hypothalamus and hippocampus regions of the brain due to remote effects of the ballistic pressure wave.