Editing Hungary (section)

=== Ottoman wars (1526–1699) ===
{{Main|Kingdom of Hungary (1526–1867)|Ottoman Hungary|Eastern Hungarian Kingdom}}
{{See also|Principality of Transylvania (1570–1711)|Ottoman–Habsburg wars}}
[[File:Székely, Bertalan - The Women of Eger - Google Art Project.jpg|thumb|upright|"The Women of Eger", oil painting from 1867 commemorating the [[Siege of Eger (1552)|siege of Eger]], a major victory against the Ottomans]]

After some [[Ottoman wars in Europe|150 years of wars]] with the Hungarians and other states, the Ottomans gained a decisive victory over the Hungarian army at the [[Battle of Mohács]] in 1526, where King [[Louis II of Hungary|Louis II]] died while fleeing. Amid political chaos, the divided Hungarian nobility elected two kings simultaneously, [[John Zápolya]] and [[Ferdinand I, Holy Roman Emperor|Ferdinand I]] of the [[House of Habsburg|Habsburg dynasty]]. With the conquest of [[Buda]] by the Turks in 1541, Hungary was divided into three parts and remained so until the end of the 17th century. The north-western part, termed as [[Royal Hungary]], was annexed by the Habsburgs who ruled as kings of Hungary. The eastern part of the kingdom became independent as the [[Principality of Transylvania (1570–1711)|Principality of Transylvania]], under Ottoman (and later Habsburg) [[suzerainty]]. The remaining central area, including the capital Buda, was known as the Pashalik of Buda.

In 1686, the [[Holy League (1684)|Holy League's]] army, containing over 74,000 men from various nations, [[Siege of Buda (1686)|reconquered Buda]] from the Turks. After some more crushing [[Austro-Turkish War (1716–1718)|defeats of the Ottomans]] in the next few years, the entire Kingdom of Hungary was removed from Ottoman rule by 1718. The last raid into Hungary by the Ottoman vassals [[Crimean Khanate|Tatars]] from [[Crimea]] took place in 1717.<ref>{{cite book|author1=Géza Dávid|author2=Pál Fodor|title=Ransom Slavery Along the Ottoman Borders: (Early Fifteenth – Early Eighteenth Centuries)|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=00ZuXUdx2GgC|year=2007|publisher=BRILL|isbn=978-90-04-15704-0|page=203}}</ref> The constrained Habsburg Counter-Reformation efforts in the 17th century reconverted the majority of the kingdom to Catholicism. The ethnic composition of Hungary was fundamentally changed as a consequence of the prolonged warfare with the Turks. A large part of the country became devastated, population growth was stunted, and many smaller settlements perished.<ref>{{cite news|first=Gyorgy|last=Csepeli|title=The changing facets of Hungarian nationalism – Nationalism Reexamined|url=http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m2267/is_n1_v63/ai_18501094/|archive-url=https://archive.today/20120709161536/http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m2267/is_n1_v63/ai_18501094/|url-status=dead|archive-date=9 July 2012|publisher=Findarticles.com|date=2 June 2009|access-date=20 September 2009}}</ref> The Austrian-Habsburg government settled large groups of [[Serbs]] and other Slavs in the depopulated south, and settled [[Germans of Hungary|Germans]] (called [[Danube Swabians]]) in various areas, but Hungarians were not allowed to settle or re-settle in the south of the Carpathian Basin.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.hungarian-history.hu/lib/unmaking/part1-7.pdf|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110204132452/http://www.hungarian-history.hu/lib/unmaking/part1-7.pdf|archive-date=4 February 2011|title=Ch7 A Short Demographic History of Hungary|access-date=20 September 2009}}</ref>