Editing Human leg (section)

===== Extrinsic =====
[[File:Gray437.png|thumb|left|upright=0.55|Anterior muscles]]

Three of the anterior muscles are extensors. From its origin on the lateral surface of the tibia and the interosseus membrane, the three-sided belly of the [[Tibialis anterior muscle|tibialis anterior]] extends down below the [[Superior extensor retinaculum of foot|superior]] and [[Inferior extensor retinaculum of foot|inferior extensor retinacula]] to its insertion on the plantar side of the [[medial cuneiform bone]] and the first [[metatarsal bone]]. In the non-weight-bearing leg, the anterior tibialis dorsal flexes the foot and lifts the medial edge of the foot. In the weight-bearing leg, it pulls the leg towards the foot. The [[Extensor digitorum longus muscle|extensor digitorum longus]] has a wide origin stretching from the lateral condyle of the tibia down along the anterior side of the fibula, and the interosseus membrane. At the ankle, the tendon divides into four that stretch across the foot to the dorsal [[aponeuroses]] of the last phalanges of the four lateral toes. In the non-weight-bearing leg, the muscle extends the digits and dorsiflexes the foot, and in the weight-bearing leg acts similar to the tibialis anterior. The [[Extensor hallucis longus muscle|extensor hallucis longus]] has its origin on the fibula and the interosseus membrane between the two other extensors and is, similarly to the extensor digitorum, is inserted on the last phalanx of big toe ("hallux"). The muscle dorsiflexes the hallux, and acts similar to the tibialis anterior in the weight-bearing leg.<ref>Platzer (2004), p. 258</ref> Two muscles on the lateral side of the leg form the fibular (peroneal) group. The [[fibularis longus|fibularis (peroneus) longus]] and [[fibularis brevis|fibularis (peroneus) brevis]] both have their origins on the fibula, and they both pass behind the [[lateral malleolus]] where their tendons pass under the [[fibular retinacula]]. Under the foot, the fibularis longus stretches from the lateral to the medial side in a groove, thus bracing the [[transverse arch of the foot]]. The fibularis brevis is attached on the lateral side to the tuberosity of the fifth metatarsal. Together, these two [[fibularis muscles]] form the strongest pronators of the foot.<ref>Platzer (2004), p. 260</ref> The fibularis muscles are highly variable, and several variants can occasionally be present.<ref>Chaitow (2000), p. 554</ref>

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| footer = Superficial and deep posterior muscles.
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Of the posterior muscles three are in the superficial layer. The major plantar flexors, commonly referred to as the [[triceps surae]], are the [[Soleus muscle|soleus]], which arises on the proximal side of both leg bones, and the [[Gastrocnemius muscle|gastrocnemius]], the two heads of which arises on the distal end of the femur. These muscles unite in a large terminal tendon, the [[Achilles tendon]], which is attached to the posterior tubercle of the [[calcaneus]]. The [[Plantaris muscle|plantaris]] closely follows the lateral head of the gastrocnemius. Its tendon runs between those of the soleus and gastrocnemius and is embedded in the medial end of the calcaneus tendon.<ref>Platzer (2004), p. 262</ref>

In the deep layer, the [[Tibialis posterior muscle|tibialis posterior]] has its origin on the interosseus membrane and the neighbouring bone areas and runs down behind the [[medial malleolus]]. Under the foot it splits into a thick medial part attached to the [[navicular bone]] and a slightly weaker lateral part inserted to the three cuneiform bones. The muscle produces simultaneous plantar flexion and supination in the non-weight-bearing leg, and approximates the heel to the calf of the leg. The [[Flexor hallucis longus muscle|flexor hallucis longus]] arises distally on the fibula and on the interosseus membrane from where its relatively thick muscle belly extends far distally. Its tendon extends beneath the [[flexor retinaculum of foot|flexor retinaculum]] to the sole of the foot and finally attaches on the base of the last phalanx of the hallux. It plantarflexes the hallux and assists in supination. The [[Flexor digitorum longus muscle|flexor digitorum longus]], finally, has its origin on the upper part of the tibia. Its tendon runs to the sole of the foot where it forks into four terminal tendon attached to the last phalanges of the four lateral toes. It crosses the tendon of the tibialis posterior distally on the tibia, and the tendon of the flexor hallucis longus in the sole. Distally to its division, the [[Quadratus plantae muscle|quadratus plantae]] radiates into it and near the middle phalanges its tendons penetrate the tendons of the [[Flexor digitorum brevis muscle|flexor digitorum brevis]]. In the non-weight-bearing leg, it plantar flexes the toes and foot and supinates. In the weight-bearing leg it supports the [[plantar arch]].<ref name="Platzer 2004, p 264" /> (For the [[Popliteus muscle|popliteus]], see above.)