Editing Human intelligence (section)

=== PASS theory of intelligence ===
{{Main|PASS Theory of Intelligence}}

Based on [[A. R. Luria]]'s (1966) seminal work on the modularization of brain function,<ref name=luria-1966>{{cite book|last=Luria|first=A. R.|year=1966|title=Higher cortical functions in man|location=New York|publisher=Basic Books}}</ref> and supported by decades of neuroimaging research, the [[PASS Theory of Intelligence]]  (Planning/Attention/Simultaneous/Successive) proposes that cognition is organized in three systems and the following four processes:<ref name=das-naglieri-kirby-1994>{{cite book|last1=Das|first1=J. P.|last2=Naglieri|first2=J. A.|last3=Kirby|first3=J. R.|year=1994|title=Assessment of cognitive processes|location=Needham Heights, Mass.|publisher=Allyn & Bacon}}</ref> 
# Planning involves executive functions responsible for controlling and organizing behavior, selecting and constructing strategies, and monitoring performance.
# Attention is responsible for maintaining arousal levels and alertness, and ensuring focus on relevant stimuli.
# Simultaneous processing is engaged when the relationship between items and their integration into whole units of information is required. Examples of this include recognizing figures, such as a triangle within a circle vs. a circle within a triangle, or the difference between "he had a shower before breakfast" and "he had breakfast before a shower."
# Successive processing is required for organizing separate items in a sequence such as remembering a sequence of words or actions exactly in the order in which they had just been presented.
These four processes are functions of four areas of the brain. Planning is broadly located in the front part of our brains, the frontal lobe. Attention and arousal are combined functions of the frontal lobe and the lower parts of the cortex, although the parietal lobes are also involved in attention as well. Simultaneous processing and Successive processing occur in the posterior region or the back of the brain. Simultaneous processing is broadly associated with the occipital and the parietal lobes while Successive processing is broadly associated with the frontal-temporal lobes. The PASS theory is heavily indebted both to Luria{{r|luria-1966}}<ref name=luria-1973>{{cite book|last=Luria|first=A. R.|year=1973|title=The working brain: An introduction to neuropsychology|location=New York}}</ref> and to studies in cognitive psychology involved in promoting a better look at intelligence.<ref>{{cite journal | last1 = Das | first1 = J.P. | year = 2002 | title = A Better look at Intelligence | journal = Current Directions in Psychological Science | volume = 11 | issue = 1| pages = 28–32 | doi=10.1111/1467-8721.00162| s2cid = 146129242 }}</ref>