Editing Huguenots (section)

===Origins===
[[File:Massacre of the Vaudois of Merindol.jpg|thumb|upright|Persecution of the [[Waldensians]] in the [[Mérindol massacre|massacre of Mérindol]] in 1545]]
The availability of the Bible in [[vernacular]] languages was important to the spread of the Protestant movement and development of the Reformed Church in France. The country had a long history of struggles with the papacy (see the [[Avignon Papacy]], for example) by the time the [[Protestant Reformation]] finally arrived. Around 1294, a French version of the scriptures was prepared by the Roman Catholic priest, [[Guyart des Moulins|Guyard des Moulins]]. A two-volume illustrated folio paraphrase version based on his manuscript, by Jean de Rély, was printed in Paris in 1487.<ref>{{cite book|last=Darling|first=Charles William|title=Historical account of some of the more important versions and editions of the Bible|publisher=University of Wisconsin-Madison|year=1894|page=[https://archive.org/details/historicalaccou00darlgoog/page/n24 18]|url=https://archive.org/details/historicalaccou00darlgoog}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last=Bullen|first=G.|publisher=N. Trübner and Co.|year=1877|title=Catalogue of the loan collection of antiquities, curiosities, and appliances connected with the art of printing|page=[https://archive.org/details/catalogueloanco00goog/page/n169 107] (item 687)|url=https://archive.org/details/catalogueloanco00goog}}</ref>

The first known translation of the Bible into one of France's regional languages, [[Franco-Provençal language|Arpitan or Franco-Provençal]], had been prepared by the 12th-century pre-Protestant reformer [[Peter Waldo]] (Pierre de Vaux).<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.foucachon.com/Huguenots_Waldensians.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140512214216/http://www.foucachon.com/Huguenots_Waldensians.pdf|url-status=dead|archive-date=12 May 2014|date=12 May 2014|access-date=4 June 2021 |title=The Sectarized People of God}}</ref> The Waldensians created fortified areas, as in [[Cabrières-d'Avignon|Cabrières]], perhaps attacking an abbey.<ref name="Lambert 389">[https://books.google.com/books?id=m76JkwMZjgcC&pg=PA389 Malcolm D. Lambert, ''Medieval Heresy: Popular Movements from the Gregorian Reform to the Reformation''], p. 389</ref> They were suppressed by [[Francis I of France|Francis I]] in 1545 in the [[Massacre of Mérindol]].<ref>{{cite book|last=Hanna|first=William|title=The wars of the Huguenots|publisher=Robert Carter & Brothers|location=New York|year=1872|page=[https://archive.org/details/warsofhuguenots00hannuoft/page/27 27]|url=https://archive.org/details/warsofhuguenots00hannuoft|access-date=7 September 2009}}</ref>

Other predecessors of the Reformed church included the pro-reform and [[Gallicanism|Gallican]] Roman Catholics, such as [[Jacques Lefevre]] (c. 1455–1536). The Gallicans briefly achieved independence for the French church, on the principle that the religion of France could not be controlled by the Bishop of Rome, a foreign power.<ref>Margaret Ruth Miles, ''The Word Made Flesh: A History of Christian Thought'', Blackwell Publishing, 2005, p. 381 {{ISBN?}}</ref> During the Protestant Reformation, Lefevre, a professor at the [[University of Paris]], published his French translation of the New Testament in 1523, followed by the whole Bible in the French language in 1530.<ref>Paul Arblaster, Gergely Juhász, Guido Latré (eds) ''Tyndale's Testament'', Turnhout: Brepols, 2002, {{ISBN|2-503-51411-1}}, pp. 130–135</ref> [[William Farel]] was a student of Lefevre who went on to become a leader of the [[Reformation in Switzerland|Swiss Reformation]], establishing a Protestant republican government in Geneva. Jean Cauvin ([[John Calvin]]), another student at the University of Paris, also converted to Protestantism. Long after the sect was suppressed by Francis I, the remaining French [[Waldensians]], then mostly in the [[Luberon]] region, sought to join Farel, Calvin and the Reformation, and [[Pierre Robert Olivétan|Olivétan]] published a French Bible for them. The French Confession of 1559 shows a decidedly [[Calvinism|Calvinistic influence]].<ref>{{cite web |author=John Calvin, tr. Emily O. Butler |url=http://www.creeds.net/reformed/frconf.htm |title=The French Confession of Faith of 1559 |publisher=Creeds.net |access-date=2 August 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180303005840/http://www.creeds.net/reformed/frconf.htm |archive-date=3 March 2018 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

Although usually Huguenots are lumped into one group, there were actually two types of Huguenots that emerged.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Tylor |first1=Charles |title=The Huguenots in the seventeenth century: including the history of the Edict of Nantes, from its enactment in 1598 to its revocation in 1685 |date=1892 |publisher=Simpkin, Marshall, Hamilton, Kent |location=London |page=3 |url=https://archive.org/stream/huguenotsinseven00tylo#page/n17/search/political+freedom |access-date=15 September 2018}}</ref> Since the Huguenots had political and religious goals, it was commonplace to refer to the Calvinists as "Huguenots of religion" and those who opposed the monarchy as "Huguenots of the state", who were mostly nobles.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.renaissance-spell.com/Huguenots.html|title=The Huguenots|website=www.renaissance-spell.com|access-date=7 January 2020}}</ref>
* The Huguenots of religion were influenced by John Calvin's works and established Calvinist synods. They were determined to end religious oppression.
* The Huguenots of the state opposed the monopoly of power the Guise family had and wanted to attack the authority of the crown. This group of Huguenots from southern France had frequent issues with the strict Calvinist tenets that are outlined in many of John Calvin's letters to the synods of the Languedoc.