Editing Horse breeding (section)

== Foaling ==

[[File:Baby gives birth to Tia.jpg|thumb|right|200px|A mare in the early stages of labor]]

Mares due to foal are usually separated from other horses, both for the benefit of the mare and the safety of the soon-to-be-delivered foal.  In addition, separation allows the mare to be monitored more closely by humans for any problems that may occur while giving birth.  In the northern hemisphere, a special foaling stall that is large and clutter free is frequently used, particularly by major breeding farms. Originally, this was due in part to a need for protection from the harsh winter climate present when mares foal early in the year, but even in moderate climates, such as [[Florida]], foaling stalls are still common because they allow closer monitoring of mares.  Smaller breeders often use a small [[pen (enclosure)|pen]] with a large shed for foaling, or they may remove a wall between two box stalls in a small barn to make a large stall.  In the milder climates seen in much of the southern hemisphere, most mares foal outside, often in a [[Field (agriculture)|paddock]]<ref>[http://www.petalia.com.au/Templates/StoryTemplate_Process.cfm?specie=Horses&story_no=2166 ''Preparation for Foaling'' by Brad Dowling BVSc MVetClinStud FACVSc] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110207155236/http://petalia.com.au/Templates/StoryTemplate_Process.cfm?specie=Horses&story_no=2166 |date=2011-02-07 }} Retrieved 2011-2-7</ref><ref name="MD">Delbridge, Arthur. ''The Macquarie Dictionary'', 2nd ed., Macquarie Library, North Ryde, 1991, p. 1274</ref> built specifically for foaling, especially on the larger [[stud farm]]s.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nbntv.com.au/index.php/2008/08/01/horsing-around-stud-style/#more-4997/|title=Foaling video on an Australian stud farm |website=nbntv.com.au |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090809204940/http://www.nbntv.com.au/index.php/2008/08/01/horsing-around-stud-style/#more-4997/|archive-date=2009-08-09}}</ref> Many stud farms worldwide employ technology to alert human managers when the mare is about to foal, including [[webcam]]s, [[closed-circuit television]], or assorted types of devices that alert a handler via a remote alarm when a mare lies down in a position to foal.

On the other hand, some breeders, particularly those in remote areas or with extremely large numbers of horses, may allow mares to foal out in a field amongst a herd, but may also see higher rates of foal and mare mortality in doing so.

Most mares foal at night or early in the morning, and prefer to give birth alone when possible.  Labor is rapid, often no more than 30 minutes, and from the time the feet of the foal appear to full delivery is often only about 15 to 20 minutes. Once the foal is born, the mare will lick the newborn foal to clean it and help blood circulation. In a very short time, the foal will attempt to stand and get milk from its mother. A foal should stand and nurse within one hour after birth.

To create a bond with her foal, the mare licks and nuzzles the foal, enabling her to distinguish the foal from others.  Some mares are aggressive when protecting their foals, and may attack other horses or unfamiliar humans that come near their newborns.

After birth, a foal's navel is dipped in antiseptic to prevent infection. The foal is sometimes given an [[enema]] to help clear the [[meconium]] from its digestive tract. The newborn is monitored to ensure that it stands and nurses without difficulty.   While most horse births happen without complications, many owners have first aid supplies prepared and a [[veterinarian]] on call in case of a birthing emergency.  People who supervise foaling should also watch the mare to be sure that she passes the [[placenta]] in a timely fashion, and that it is complete with no fragments remaining in the [[uterus]]. Retained fetal membranes can cause a serious inflammatory condition ([[endometritis]]) and/or infection.  If the placenta is not removed from the stall after it is passed, a mare will often eat it, an instinct from the wild, where blood would attract predators.

=== Foal care ===
[[File:Finnhorse mare with foal.jpg|thumb|A foal with its mother, or dam]]
Foals develop rapidly, and within a few hours a wild foal can travel with the herd.  In domestic breeding, the foal and dam are usually separated from the herd for a while, but within a few weeks are typically pastured with the other horses.  A foal will begin to eat hay, grass and grain alongside the mare at about 4 weeks old; by 10–12 weeks the foal requires more nutrition than the mare's milk can supply.  Foals are typically weaned at 4–8 months of age, although in the wild a foal may nurse for a year.