Editing Horace Mann (section)

===Secular nature===
As the ''Old Deluder Satan Act'' and other 17th-century [[Massachusetts School Laws]] attest, early education in Massachusetts had a clear religious intent. However, by the time of Mann's leadership in education, various developments (including a vibrant populist Protestant faith and increased religious diversity) fostered a secular school system with a religiously passive stance.<ref>{{cite book |first1=Stephen V. |last1=Monsma |first2=J. Christopher |last2=Soper |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LqtOyWU3D54C |title=The Challenge of Pluralism: Church and State in Five Democracies |chapter=2. The United States |pages=18–22|isbn=9780742557406 |date=September 5, 2008 |publisher=Rowman & Littlefield Publishers }}</ref>

While Mann affirmed that "our Public Schools are not Theological Seminaries" and that they were "debarred by law from inculcating the peculiar and distinctive doctrines of any one religious denomination amongst us ... or all that is essential to religion or salvation," he assured those who objected to this secular nature that "our system earnestly inculcates all Christian morals; it founds its morals based on religion; it welcomes the religion of the Bible; and, in receiving the Bible, it allows it to do what it is allowed to do in no other system—to speak for itself. But here it stops, not because it claims to have compassed all truth, but because it disclaims to act as an umpire between hostile religious opinions."

Mann stated that this position resulted in a near-universal use of the Bible in the schools of Massachusetts and that this served as an argument against the assertion by some that Christianity was excluded from his schools, or that they were anti-Christian.<ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=eURNAAAAcAAJ&q=inculcates+all+Christian+morals;+it+founds+its+morals+on+the+basis+of+religion&pg=PA117 |last=Mann |first=Horace |title=Twelfth Annual Report for 1848 of the Secretary of the Board of Education of Massachusetts |pages=116, 177, 121, 122 |year=1849 |access-date=November 12, 2020 |archive-date=February 16, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230216192906/https://books.google.com/books?id=eURNAAAAcAAJ&q=inculcates+all+Christian+morals;+it+founds+its+morals+on+the+basis+of+religion&pg=PA117 |url-status=live }}</ref> A devotee of the pseudoscience of [[phrenology]], Mann believed education could eliminate or reduce human failings and compensate for any biological flaws.<ref>{{Cite book|title=The teacher wars: a history of America's most embattled profession|last=Dana.|first=Goldstein|isbn=9780345803627|edition= First Anchor books |location=New York|oclc=895117195|year = 2015}}</ref>

Mann also once stated that "it may not be easy theoretically, to draw the line between those views of religious truth and of Christian faith which is common to all, and may, therefore, with propriety be inculcated in schools, and those which, being peculiar to individual sects, are therefore by law excluded; still it is believed that no practical difficulty occurs in the conduct of our schools in this regard."

Rather than sanctioning a particular church as was often the norm in many states, the Legislature proscribed books "calculated to favor the tenets of any particular set of Christians."<ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9S4XAAAAYAAJ&q=may+not+be+easy+theoretically,+to+draw+the+line+between+those+views+of+religious+truth+and+of+Christian+faith+which+is+common+to+all,+and+may,+therefore,+with+propriety+be+inculcated+in+schools,+and+those+which,+being+peculiar+to+individual+sects,+are+therefore+by+law+excluded;+still+it+is+believed+that+no+practical+difficulty+occurs+in+the+conduct+of+our+schools+in+this+regard&pg=RA1-PA14 |author=Massachusetts Board of Education |title=Annual Report of the Board of Education |orig-year=Covering the year 1837 |pages=14, 15 |year=1838 |access-date=November 12, 2020 |archive-date=February 16, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230216192944/https://books.google.com/books?id=9S4XAAAAYAAJ&q=may+not+be+easy+theoretically,+to+draw+the+line+between+those+views+of+religious+truth+and+of+Christian+faith+which+is+common+to+all,+and+may,+therefore,+with+propriety+be+inculcated+in+schools,+and+those+which,+being+peculiar+to+individual+sects,+are+therefore+by+law+excluded;+still+it+is+believed+that+no+practical+difficulty+occurs+in+the+conduct+of+our+schools+in+this+regard&pg=RA1-PA14 |url-status=live }}</ref>