Editing Holocene extinction (section)

=== Human ecology ===
{{Further|Human ecology}}
A 2015 article in [[Science (journal)|''Science'']] suggested that humans are unique in ecology as an unprecedented "global superpredator", regularly preying on large numbers of fully grown terrestrial and marine [[apex predators]], and with a great deal of influence over food webs and climatic systems worldwide.<ref name="Darimont-2015" /> Although significant debate exists as to how much human predation and indirect effects contributed to prehistoric extinctions, certain population crashes have been directly correlated with human arrival.<ref name="Faurby2015" /><ref name="Kolbert-2014" /><ref name="link.springer.com" /><ref name="SpecialIssue" /> Human activity has been the main cause of mammalian extinctions since the Late Pleistocene.<ref name="rapidrise" /> A 2018 study published in ''[[PNAS]]'' found that since the dawn of human civilization, the [[Biomass (ecology)|biomass]] of wild mammals has decreased by 83%. The biomass decrease is 80% for marine mammals, 50% for plants, and 15% for fish. Currently, livestock make up 60% of the biomass of all mammals on Earth, followed by humans (36%) and wild mammals (4%). As for birds, 70% are domesticated, such as poultry, whereas only 30% are wild.<ref name="Carrington2018">{{cite news|last=Carrington|first=Damian|date=May 21, 2018|title=Humans just 0.01% of all life but have destroyed 83% of wild mammals – study|work=The Guardian|url=https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2018/may/21/human-race-just-001-of-all-life-but-has-destroyed-over-80-of-wild-mammals-study|access-date=May 25, 2018|archive-date=September 11, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180911035201/https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2018/may/21/human-race-just-001-of-all-life-but-has-destroyed-over-80-of-wild-mammals-study|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Biomass2018">{{cite journal|last1=Bar-On |first1=Yinon M.|last2=Phillips|first2=Rob|last3=Milo |first3=Ron|year=2018|title=The biomass distribution on Earth|journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences|volume=115|issue=25|pages=6506–6511|pmc=6016768 |doi=10.1073/pnas.1711842115 |pmid=29784790|bibcode=2018PNAS..115.6506B |doi-access=free}}</ref>