Editing History of the Internet (section)

===Inspiration===
J. C. R. Licklider, while working at BBN, proposed a computer network in his March 1960 paper ''[[Man-Computer Symbiosis]]'':<ref>{{cite journal|author=J. C. R. Licklider|title=Man-Computer Symbiosis|journal=IRE Transactions on Human Factors in Electronics|volume=HFE-1|pages=4–11|date=March 1960|url=http://medg.lcs.mit.edu/people/psz/Licklider.html|doi=10.1109/thfe2.1960.4503259|access-date=January 25, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051103053540/http://medg.lcs.mit.edu/people/psz/Licklider.html|archive-date=November 3, 2005|author-link=J. C. R. Licklider}}</ref>

{{Blockquote|A network of such centers, connected to one another by wide-band communication lines [...] the functions of present-day libraries together with anticipated advances in information storage and retrieval and symbiotic functions suggested earlier in this paper}}

In August 1962, Licklider and Welden Clark published the paper "On-Line Man-Computer Communication"<ref>{{cite journal|author=[[J. C. R. Licklider]] and Welden Clark|title=On-Line Man-Computer Communication|journal=AIEE-IRE '62 (Spring)|pages=113–128|date=August 1962|url=http://cis.msjc.edu/courses/internet_authoring/CSIS103/resources/ON-LINE%20MAN-COMPUTER%20COMMUNICATION.pdf|access-date=October 31, 2014|archive-date=October 31, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141031214616/http://cis.msjc.edu/courses/internet_authoring/CSIS103/resources/ON-LINE%20MAN-COMPUTER%20COMMUNICATION.pdf}}</ref> which was one of the first descriptions of a networked future.

In October 1962, Licklider was hired by [[Jack Ruina]] as director of the newly established [[Information Processing Techniques Office]] (IPTO) within ARPA, with a mandate to interconnect the United States Department of Defense's main computers at [[Cheyenne Mountain]], the Pentagon, and SAC HQ. There he formed an informal group within DARPA to further computer research. He began by writing memos in 1963 describing a distributed network to the IPTO staff, whom he called "Members and Affiliates of the [[Intergalactic Computer Network]]".<ref>{{cite web|author=Licklider, J. C. R.|title=Topics for Discussion at the Forthcoming Meeting, Memorandum For: Members and Affiliates of the Intergalactic Computer Network|date=23 April 1963|location=Washington, D.C.|publisher=Advanced Research Projects Agency|url=http://www.kurzweilai.net/memorandum-for-members-and-affiliates-of-the-intergalactic-computer-network|access-date=2013-01-26}}</ref>

Although he left the IPTO in 1964, five years before the ARPANET went live, it was his vision of universal networking that provided the impetus for one of his successors, [[Robert Taylor (computer scientist)|Robert Taylor]], to initiate the ARPANET development. Licklider later returned to lead the IPTO in 1973 for two years.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.livinginternet.com/i/ii_licklider.htm|title=J.C.R. Licklider and the Universal Network|work=The Internet|year=2000|access-date=February 16, 2010|archive-date=October 17, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191017134454/https://www.livinginternet.com/i/ii_licklider.htm}}</ref>