Editing History of Portugal (section)

===The Suebi===
In 409, with the decline of the [[Roman Empire]], the [[Iberian Peninsula]] was occupied by [[Germanic tribes]] that the Romans referred to as [[barbarians]].<ref>{{Cite book | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=UoryGn9o4x0C&pg=PP1 | title = The History of Portugal | isbn = 978-0-313-31106-2 | last1 = Anderson | first1 = James Maxwell | year = 2000| publisher = Bloomsbury Academic }}</ref> In 411, with a federation contract with [[Emperor Honorius]], many of these people settled in [[Hispania]]. An important group was made up of the [[Suebi]] and [[Vandals]] in [[Gallaecia]], who founded the [[Kingdom of the Suebi]] with its capital in [[Braga]].<ref name="auto4">{{Cite journal|url=https://www.persee.fr/doc/rbph_0035-0818_1957_num_35_1_2022|title=Reconsideration of the History of the Suevi|first=Robert|last=L. Reynolds|date=11 July 1957|journal=Revue belge de Philologie et d'Histoire|volume=35|issue=1|pages=19–47|via=Persée|doi=10.3406/rbph.1957.2022}}</ref> They came to dominate [[Aeminium]] ([[Coimbra]]) as well, and there were [[Visigoths]] to the south.<ref name="books.google">{{Cite book | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=aGc2GwyvuEgC&q=KOLLER%2C%20Erwin%2C%20Hugo%20Laitenberger&pg=PR1 | title = Schwaben | isbn = 978-3-8233-5091-0 | last1 = Koller | first1 = Erwin | last2 = Laitenberger | first2 = Hugo | year = 1998| publisher = Gunter Narr Verlag }}</ref> The Suebi and the Visigoths were the Germanic tribes who had the most lasting presence in the territories corresponding to modern Portugal. As elsewhere in Western Europe, there was a decline in urban life during the [[Dark Ages (historiography)|Dark Ages]].<ref>{{Cite book | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=ZYn_f1jxNDoC&pg=PA138 | title = The Rise & Fall of World Orders | isbn = 978-0-7190-4058-0 | last1 = Knutsen | first1 = Torbjörn L | year = 1999| publisher = Manchester University Press }}</ref>

Roman institutions declined in the wake of the [[Germanic peoples|Germanic]] invasions with the exception of [[ecclesiastical]] organizations, which were fostered by the Suebi in the fifth century and adopted by the Visigoths afterwards. Although the Suebi and Visigoths were initially followers of [[Arianism]] and [[Priscillianism]], they adopted [[Catholicism]] from the local inhabitants. St. [[Martin of Braga]] was a particularly influential evangelist at this time.<ref name="books.google" />

The Kingdom of the Suebi<ref name="auto5">{{Cite journal|url=https://www.academia.edu/37321555|title=In Tempore Sueborum. The time of the Suevi in Gallaecia (411–585 AD). Exhibition Catalogue (English)|first=Jorge |last=López Quiroga|journal=The Time of the Sueves in Gallaecia (411–585 AD). The First Medieval Kingdom of the West, Ourense.|date=January 2017|via=www.academia.edu}}</ref> was the Germanic post-Roman kingdom, established in the former Roman provinces of [[Gallaecia]]-[[Lusitania]]. 5th-century vestiges of [[Alans|Alan]] settlements were found in [[Alenquer Municipality, Portugal|Alenquer]] (from old Germanic ''Alan kerk'', ''temple of the Alans''), [[Coimbra]] and Lisbon.<ref>Milhazes, José. [http://www.rtp.pt/index.php?article=264957&visual=16&rss=0 Os antepassados caucasianos dos portugueses]&nbsp;– [[Rádio e Televisão de Portugal]] in [[Portuguese language|Portuguese]]. {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160101100219/http://www.rtp.pt/index.php?article=264957&visual=16&rss=0 |date=1 January 2016 }}</ref>

King [[Hermeric]] made a peace treaty with the Gallaecians before passing his domains to [[Rechila]], his son. In 429, the Visigoths moved south to expel the [[Alans]] and [[Vandals]] and founded a kingdom with its capital in [[Toledo, Spain|Toledo]]. In 448 Rechila died, leaving the state in expansion to [[Rechiar]]. Subsequently, this new king started to print coins under his own name, becoming the first of the Germanic kings to do so,<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Edmondson |first=J.C. |date=1989 |title=Mining in the Later Roman Empire and Beyond: Continuity or Disruption? |url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/journal-of-roman-studies/article/abs/mining-in-the-later-roman-empire-and-beyond-continuity-or-disruption/510CD0538D329139040E036415B040D8 |journal=The Journal of Roman Studies |language=en |volume=79 |pages=84–102 |doi=10.2307/301182 |jstor=301182 |s2cid=161980467 |issn=1753-528X}}</ref> and then was baptised to [[Nicene Christianity]], probably by the [[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Braga|Bishop Balconius]], also becoming the first of the Germanic kings to do so, even before [[Clovis I|Clovis]], [[List of Frankish kings|king of the Franks]].<ref>Thompson, E.A. "The Conversion of the Spanish Suevi to Catholicism." ''Visigothic Spain: New Approaches''. ed. [[Edward James (historian)|Edward James]]. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1980. {{ISBN|0-19-822543-1}}, p. 79.</ref> This bellicose king, almost conquered the whole of [[Hispania]], taking many prisoners and several important cities, but failed to consolidate his conquest over the territory and didn't even come near [[Tarragona]].

After the [[assassination]] of the patrician [[Flavius Aëtius]], Rechiar attempted, yet again, to conquer the whole of the peninsula, however his ambitions were derailed by the invading [[Visigoths]] under their king and Roman ''[[Foederati|foederatus]]'' [[Theodoric II]] acting on the orders of the emperor [[Avitus]]. This led to a resounding defeat of the Suebian kingdom, with Rechiar fleeing wounded from Braga, only to be captured at [[Porto|Oporto]] and executed in December of [[456]] (d.C.). The realm was then divided, with [[Frantán|Frantan]] and [[Aioulf|Aguiulfo]] ruling simultaneously. Both reigned from 456 to 457, the year in which [[Maldras]] (457–459) reunified the kingdom. He was assassinated after a failed Roman-Visigothic conspiracy.
Although the conspiracy did not achieve its true purposes, the Suebian Kingdom was again divided between two kings:
[[Frumar]] (Frumario 459–463) and [[Remismund]] (Remismundo, son of [[Maldras]]) (459–469) who would re-reunify his father's kingdom in 463. He would be forced to adopt [[Arianism]] in 465 due to the Visigoth influence. From 470, conflict between the Suebi and Visigoths increased.