Editing History of Poland (section)

===Late Piast monarchy under Władysław I and Casimir III===

[[File:Władysław I sarcophagus figure.jpg|thumb|right|upright|[[Władysław I the Elbow-high]]]]

Attempts to reunite the Polish lands gained momentum in the 13th century, and in 1295, Duke [[Przemysł II]] of [[Greater Poland]] managed to become the first ruler since Bolesław II to be crowned king of Poland.<ref name="playground I xxvii-xxviii"/> He ruled over a limited territory and was soon killed. In 1300–1305 King [[Wenceslaus II of Bohemia]] also reigned as king of Poland.<ref name="playground I xxvii-xxviii"/> The Piast Kingdom was effectively restored under [[Władysław I the Elbow-high]] (r. 1306–1333), who became king in 1320.<ref name="playground I xxvii-xxviii"/> In 1308, the Teutonic Knights seized [[Gdańsk]] and the surrounding region of [[Pomerelia]].<ref name="playground I xxvii-xxviii"/>

King [[Casimir III the Great]] (r. 1333–1370),<ref name="playground I xxvii-xxviii"/> Władysław's son and the last of the Piast rulers, strengthened and expanded the restored Kingdom of Poland, but the western provinces of [[Silesia]] (formally ceded by Casimir in 1339) and most of Polish [[Pomerania]] were lost to the Polish state for centuries to come. Progress was made in the recovery of the separately governed central province of [[Mazovia]], however, and in 1340, the conquest of [[Red Ruthenia]] began,<ref name="playground I xxvii-xxviii"/> marking Poland's expansion to the east. The [[Congress of Kraków]], a vast convocation of central, eastern, and northern European rulers probably assembled to plan an anti-[[Ottoman Empire|Turkish]] [[crusades|crusade]], took place in 1364, the same year that the future [[Jagiellonian University]], one of the oldest European universities, was founded.<ref name="playground I xxvii-xxviii"/><ref name="Wyrozumski 137-171">{{Harvnb|Wyrozumski|1986|pp=137–171}}.</ref> On 9 October 1334, Casimir III confirmed the privileges granted to Jews in 1264 by Bolesław the Pious and allowed them to settle in Poland in great numbers.{{citation needed|date=January 2023}}